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BUREAU OF MINES 
INFORMATION CIRCULAR/1988 




Characterization of the 1986 
Stone Mining Workforce 

By Shail J. Butani and Ann M. Bartholomew 



UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 



CiLfr M^< ■ ^^ 4 rf * J *") 



Information Circular 9202 



Characterization of the 1986 
Stone Mining Workforce 

By Shail J. Butani and Ann M. Bartholomew 



UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
Donald Paul Hodel, Secretary 

BUREAU OF MINES 
T S Ary, Director 









Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data: 



Butani, Shail J. 

Characterization of the 1986 stone mining workforce. 

(Bureau of Mines information circular; 9202) 

Bibliography: p. 7. 

Supt. of Docs, no.: I 28.27: 9202. 

1. Quarries and quarrying— United States— Employees. I. Bartholomew, Ann M. 
II. Title. III. Title: Stone mining workforce. IV. Series: Information circular (United 
States. Bureau of Mines); 9202. 

TN295.U4 [HD8039.S72U62] 622 s [331.7'6222'0973] 88-600267 



CONTENTS 



Page 

Abstract 1 

Introduction 2 

Acknowledgments 2 

Survey methodology 2 

Population 2 

Sample 3 

Data collection 3 

Data coding, entering, and editing 3 

Estimation procedures 3 

Grouping of characteristics 4 

Job title and principal equipment operated 4 

Employment size class 4 

Present job, present company, and total mining 

experience 4 

Job-related training during last 2 years 4 

Age 4 

Reliability of estimates 4 

Validation of estimates 5 



Page 

Summary of major findings 5 

Application of data for injury analyses 7 

Recommendations for future work 7 

References 7 

Appendix A.— Stone mining industry job title grouping. . 8 
Appendix B.— Stone mining industry equipment operated 

grouping 11 

Appendix C— Estimation procedures 13 

Appendix D.— Reliability of estimates: random group 

variance technique 14 

Appendix E.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates . . 15 
Appendix F.— Mining industry population survey letters 

and questionnaire 37 



ILLUSTRATIONS 

1 . Percentage of 1986 stone mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by age 6 

2. Percentage of 1986 stone mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by sex 6 

3. Percentage of 1986 stone mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by race 6 



TABLES 



1 . Population and injury statistics for 1986 stone mining sector 2 

Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates— 

E-l. Job title, by employment size class 15 

E-2. Principal equipment operated, by employment size class 15 

E-3. Work location at mine, by employment size class 16 

E-4. Experience at job, company, and mining, by employment size class 16 

E-5. Training received, by employment size class 17 

E-6. Age distribution, by employment size class 17 

E-7. Sex, race, and education, by employment size class 17 

E-8. Job title, by principal equipment operated 18 

E-9. Job title, by work location at mine 19 

E-10. Job title, by years of experience at job 20 

E-l 1 . Job title, by years of experience at company 20 

E-12. Job title, by years of mining experience 21 

E-13. Job title, by hours of training received in last 2 years 21 

E-14. Job title, by years of age 22 

E-15. Job title, by sex 22 

E-16. Job title, by race 23 

E-17. Job title, by education 23 

E-l 8. Principal equipment operated, by years of experience at job 24 

E-19. Principal equipment operated, by hours of training received in last 2 years 24 

E-20. Principal equipment operated, by years of age 25 

E-21. Principal equipment operated, by sex 25 

E-22. Principal equipment operated, by race 26 

E-23. Principal equipment operated, by education 26 

E-24. Job, company, and mining experience, by work location 27 

E-25. Training received, by work location 27 

E-26. Age distribution, by work location 28 

E-27. Sex, race, and education, by work location 28 



11 



TABLES— Continued 

Page 

E-28. Experience at job, by hours of training received in last 2 years 29 

E-29. Experience at job, by years of age 29 

E-30. Experience at job, by sex 30 

E-3 1 . Experience at job, by race 30 

E-32. Experience at job, by education 30 

E-33. Experience at company, by hours of training received in last 2 years 31 

E-34. Experience at company, by years of age 31 

E-35. Experience at company, by sex 32 

E-36. Experience at company, by race 32 

E-37. Experience at company, by education 32 

E-38. Age, by education 33 

E-39. Age, race, and education, by sex 33 

E-40. Age and education, by race 34 

Number of workers and coefficient of variation— 

E-41 . By employment size class 34 

E-42. By job title 34 

E-43. By principal equipment operated 35 

E-44. By work location 35 

E-45. By experience at job, company, and mining 35 

E-46. By training received 35 

E-47. By age 36 

E-48. By sex, race, and education 36 



UNIT OF MEASURE ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS REPORT 


h 


hour 


pet 


percent 


yr 


year 







CHARACTERIZATION OF THE 1986 STONE MINING WORKFORCE 



By Shail J. Butani 1 and Ann M. Bartholomew 2 



ABSTRACT 



In 1986 the Bureau of Mines conducted a probability sample survey, Mining Industry Popula- 
tion Survey, to measure such employee characteristics as occupation; principal equipment operated; 
work location at the mine; present job, present company, and total mining experience; job-related 
training during the last 2 years; age; sex; race; and education. The population estimates are necessary 
to properly analyze the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) injury (includes illness 
and fatality data) statistics; that is, to compare and contrast injury rates for various subpopulations 
in order to identify those groups that are exhibiting higher than average injury rates. 

This report uses the survey's results to characterize the U.S. stone mining workforce from 
March through September 1986. Similar reports have been published for the metallic, sand and 
gravel, and nonmetallic mining industries, as well as for the entire metal and nonmetal mining 
(includes metallic, stone, sand and gravel, and nonmetallic industries) sector and the coal mining 
sector. 



'Mathematical statistician (now with Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC). 

Statistical assistant. 

Twin Cities Research Center, Bureau of Mines, Minneapolis, MN. 



INTRODUCTION 



According to the occupational safety and health (OSH) statistics 
published annually by the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of 
Labor Statistics, the mining industry (excluding oil and gas extrac- 
tion) always has had one of the highest injury incidence rates among 
the major industry divisions. One of the primary objectives of the 
Bureau of Mines is to conduct research in the area of health and 
safety of the nation's miners, aimed at reducing the incidence rate 
of work-related injuries (includes illnesses and fatalities) in the 
domestic mining industry. In order to reduce the overall incidence 
rate, the Bureau needs to identify which groups or subpopulations 
of the workforce are exhibiting higher than average incidence rates. 

To identify the high-risk groups, information about the injured 
workers and about the entire workforce is required. Present regula- 
tions permit MSHA to collect information on all mine injuries 
requiring medical attention. Hence, a data base containing various 
characteristics on the injured workforce is available. Since similar 
information about the entire workforce was not available, the Bureau 
conducted a probability sample survey called the Mining Industry 
Population Survey (MIPS), also known as the demographics survey, 
to collect the necessary data. The 1986 survey measured the follow- 
ing characteristics: job title or occupation, principal equipment 
operated, work location at mine, experience at present job, 
experience at present company, total mining experience, job-related 
training during the last 2 years, age, sex, race, and education. This 
demographics survey provided information about the population at 
risk and will aid research in pinpointing the hazardous segments 
of the population, as illustrated by the following example. 

From MSHA's injury data base, it is known that 4,069 males 
and 66 females working in the U.S. stone mining industry were 
injured in 1986. If information about the population at risk (i.e., 
the number of male and female workers for the stone mining industry 
in 1986) is not known, then it is not valid to draw the conclusion 
that male miners are at a much higher injury risk than female miners. 
The estimates from the demographics survey show that there were 
a total of 68,649 male workers and 4,142 female workers (table 
E-15) employed in U.S. sand and gravel mining in 1986. Of these 
workers, the nonoffice workforce identified by occupation or job 



title consists of 66,326 males and 1,490 females (table E-7). The 
reason for excluding office workers from the analysis is to account 
for some of the obvious difference in job risk. It should be noted 
that in the office worker category only 3 pet are males and 64 pet 
are females (table E-15). The added information on the population 
puts the injury statistics in a better perspective, as shown in table 1. 



Table 1 .—Population and injury statistics for 
1986 stone mining sector 





Population 
statistics 




Injury 


statistics 






Workers 


pet 


Injuries 


pet 


Lost 
workdays 


pet 


Male .... 
Female . . 


66,326 
1,490 


97.8 
2.2 


4,069 
66 


98.4 
1.6 


61,920 
576 


99.1 
.9 


Total . . . 


67,816 


100.0 


4,135 


100.0 


62,496 


100.0 



Since the difference between the distribution of workers and 
lost workdays is relatively large, it would be interesting to further 
investigate the source of variation. Could the source of variation 
be job mix by sex? 

Hence, the present research will aid in finding solutions to 
reduce the injury incidence rates for the high-risk groups. That is, 
the collected information will be used to compare and contrast the 
demographics composition of the hazardous groups with those of 
the safer groups. Thus, through present research, the differences 
and similarities between the two groups can be defined. 

The purpose of this report is to provide the U.S. stone mining 
population estimates for March through September 1986 by various 
characteristics. This information is essential to performing the injury 
data analysis that is the ultimate goal of the survey. 

In addition to this report, there are three companion reports 
(/-J) 3 covering the metallic, sand and gravel, and nonmetallic 
mining industries. Summary reports have been published for the 
entire metal and nonmetal mining industry (4) and the coal mining 
industry (5). 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



The authors thank the officials of the U.S. Department of Labor. 
MSHA, for submitting the MIPS justification package to the Office 
of Management and Budget for its clearance to collect the data. 
Special thanks go to Kathy Snyder, public affairs specialist. Office 



of Information and Public Affairs. MSHA. for initiating the study, 
and to Edwin Thomasson, research liaison officer. Technical 
Support, MSHA. for his continuous effort and support. 



SURVEY METHODOLOGY 



POPULATION 

The MIPS covered all workers employed in the anthracite coal 
(SIC 4 111), bituminous coal (SIC 121), metal (SIC 101-106. 109. 
281), stone (SIC 141, 142, 324, 327), sand and gravel (SIC 144). 
and nonmetal (SIC 131, 145, 147, 149, 289, 299) mining industries 



'Italic numbers in parentheses refer to items in the list of references preceding the 
appendixes at the end of this report. 

4 The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) was revised in 1987; the industry group 
numbers used here are those in effect at the time of the MIPS. 



of the United States during the period March through September 
1986. This report gives estimates only for the stone mining sector. 
The information pertaining to the mine employees included in 
the survey was collected through the mine operators, because a com- 
prehensive sampling frame (name and address file) of the workers 
in mine establishments was not available, and cost considerations 
prohibited the data collection through personal visits. The number 
of universe units (establishments under MSHA's jurisdiction) 
covered by the scope of this survey was approximately 18.350. with 
a total employment level of about 350.000. The number of 
establishments and employment for the stone mining was about 



3,370 and 80,000, respectively. The scope of the data for the 
employees covered by this survey is the same as that of the data 
collected by MSHA form 7000-1 for mine accidents, injuries, 
illnesses, and fatalities, and MSHA form 7000-2 for quarterly mine 
employment. The collection of the fundamental statistics reported 
on these two forms is required by law (30 U.S.C. 813; 30 CFR 50). 



SAMPLE 

The principal feature of the survey sample design was its use 
of two-stage stratified random sampling. The primary sampling units 
(first stage) were the mine establishments; the secondary sampling 
units were employees within each of the chosen mine establishments. 
The characteristics used to stratify the primary units were the 
industry (anthracite coal, bituminous coal, metal, stone, sand and 
gravel, nonmetal); mine type (underground, surface, plant or mill); 
employment size class (1-19, 20-49, 50-99, 100-249, 250-499, 
500-999, 1,000 and above); and status code (active, intermittent). 
Since the first three stratification characteristics are highly correlated 
with the characteristics that the survey was to measure, use of 
stratified sampling increased the efficiency of the sample design 
and thus resulted in a smaller required sample size. The fourth 
characteristic, status code, was chosen so that nonresponse adjust- 
ment could be made within more homogenous groups. This is 
desirable because proportionately higher numbers of nonmailable, 
out-of-business, refusal, etc., responses are reported from inter- 
mittent mine establishments than from active mine establishments. 

The sampling frame used for this survey was the 1985 
preliminary address and employment file maintained by MSHA. 
A probability sample of 852 stone mining establishments from a 
universe of 3,373 stone mining establishments was selected by 
stratifying the frame as previously described and using a systematic 
sampling procedure with a random start for each stratum. The 
employees within an establishment were selected by using a 
systematic sampling procedure with a common random start for 
each employment size class. 

A brief description of the sample allocation is as follows. For 
larger employment size classes, the allocation procedure placed all 
of the establishments on the frame in the sample as primary sampling 
units from which the employees were subsampled at a low frequency 
rate. As employment size class decreased, smaller and smaller 
proportions of the establishments were included as primary sampling 
units, but the employees within the establishments were subsampled 
at a higher frequency rate. The use of this procedure gave each 
employee, to the extent possible, about the same probability of 
inclusion in the sample, thus reducing the sampling variability. In 
order to limit the response burden for any one establishment, a 
maximum sample of 50 employees per establishment was selected. 



DATA COLLECTION 

The MIPS was conducted from March through September 1986 
by mail questionnaire through the Bureau's Twin Cities (MN) 
Research Center. A reproduction of the original letter, followup 
letter, and the questionnaire bearing the Office of Management and 
Budget clearance number authorizing collection of the data are 
included in appendix F. 

The response status for the stone mining sector from the original 
and followup mailings, as well as from telephone calls to the 
nonrespondents, is summarized here. From a total population of 
3,373 stone mining establishments, the survey sampled 852 opera- 
tions. The overall response and rate were 734 and 86 pet, 
respectively. There were 58 out-of-scope returns (i.e., out of 
businesses, nonmailables, duplicates, temporary inactives, and new 



businesses under construction); the remaining 794 returns were 
within the scope of the survey (i.e., nonrespondents, usables, 
refusals, and unusables). Of the 794 in-scope records, 627 were 
usables. Thus, the survey achieved a usable response rate of 79 pet. 
A brief description of the response terms follows: 



Response code 



Description 



Nonrespondent Received no response from the 

establishment. 
Usable Establishment provided usable 

data. 
Refusal Establishment refused to provide 

any data. 
Unusable Establishment provided data that 

were not in usable format. 
Nonmailable Establishment's address was 

either insufficient or wrong. 
Duplicate Data were combined with another 

establishment's data. 
Out-of-business Establishment was permanently 

closed. 
New business Establishment was in development 

stage. 
Temporary inactive. . . . Establishment was temporarily 

not operating. 

As part of the data collection phase, all the returns were 
reviewed and edited for completeness and reasonableness of the 
data. Whenever there were inconsistencies, the respondents were 
called for reconciliation. Also, almost all of the respondents that 
had initially refused to participate in the survey were contacted by 
phone. Approximately 80 pet of these respondents ultimately 
supplied data. Adjustments for those mine establishments that did 
not supply the data, or supplied partial data, are explained in the 
"Estimation Procedures" section and in appendix C. 



DATA CODING, ENTERING, AND EDITING 

The returns underwent a very comprehensive review and editing 
process in order to (1) minimize the reporting differences among 
the respondents (establishments), (2) ensure consistency of coding 
among the individual worker entries, (3) ensure the accuracy of 
the data entry, and (4) ensure compatibility of occupation and equip- 
ment coding with the MSHA injury data base. 



ESTIMATION PROCEDURES 

In a simple random sampling plan, all units are sampled with 
the same sampling ratio. To derive the population estimates, the 
sample units are weighted (replicated) by the inverse of the sampling 
ratio. Because of efficiency consideration, the data for this 
demographics study were collected using a complex survey design. 
Hence, the data for each worker, the ultimate sampling unit, were 
not equally weighted. Instead, the population estimates were derived 
by weighting data for each worker with the appropriate final weight 
of the data, which was the product of the following three factors: 
(1) the inverse of the sampling ratio with which the primary sampling 
unit (establishment) was sampled; (2) a nonresponse adjustment 
factor that was computed separately for each sampling stratum and 
assigned to all responding establishments in a stratum to account 
for those establishments in that stratum that did not respond; and 
(3) the inverse of the sampling ratio with which the secondary 
sampling units (workers) were selected. A detailed discussion of 



the different weights and estimation formulas are given in 
appendix C. In statistical terms, the survey's estimates of the popula- 
tion total were based on a Horvitz-Thompson estimator (6). 

No adjustment was made for partial nonresponse. That is, the 
characteristics that were left blank by the respondents were coded 
as unspecified and were, naturally, weighted by their appropriate 
final weight in computing the population estimates. The percentage 
unspecified for a particular characteristic gives the user an indica- 
tion of the completeness of the schedules. 



GROUPING OF CHARACTERISTICS 

The original data base has detailed data for the characteristics 
mentioned below. For purposes of publication, the detailed data 
were combined into groups. Please contact the authors to obtain 
detailed data or a different grouping of the data for any or all of 
the characteristics. 



Job Title and Principal Equipment Operated 

Since the original data base has about 100 codes for each of 
these two categories (see appendixes A and B), the entries were 
combined into 20 to 25 groups. Similarities of the job title or prin- 
cipal equipment operated and number of workers in each entry were 
two of the main criteria used in forming the groups. 



Employment Size Class 

The classes used for this characteristic are the standard size 
class definition used by MSHA. Because there were very few mines 
for the size class having 500 through 999 employees, the estimates 
for this class were computed separately and then were combined 
with the estimates for employment size class 250 through 499 in 
order to protect the confidentiality of the mines as well as the 
workers. The combined size class is labeled as 250 through 999. 

Present Job, Present Company, and 
Total Mining Experience 

The data for all three of these characteristics were coded only 
as the number of years. It was felt that data were not reliable enough 
to be accurate to the month. The groupings were formed to be as 
compatible as possible to the groupings used by MSHA for its injury 
statistics. 



Job-Related Training During Last 2 Years 

The grouping for this characteristic was formed to reflect the 
definite and logical intervals that various mine operators employ 
and that meets the need of the mine safety personnel. The most 
frequently reported number was 16 h for training during the last 
2 years; this is because MSHA requires a minimum training of 
8 h/yr. Also, MSHA and safety personnel are interested in know- 
ing the percent of workers who receive no training. Hence, both 
and 16 h were categorized separately. 

Age 

The groupings for age were formed to be about the same as 
what MSHA uses for its injury statistics. 



RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES 

As stated in reference 7: 

All estimates derived from a sample survey are subject 
to sampling and nonsampling errors. Sampling errors occur 
because observations are made on a sample, not on the entire 
population. Estimates based on the different possible samples 
of the same size and sample design could differ. Nonsampling 
errors in the estimates can be attributed to many sources, 
e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases in the 
sample, mistakes in recording or coding the data, definitional 
difficulties, etc. 

Nonsampling errors occur in a census as well as in a sample 
survey. As mentioned earlier, the completed forms underwent a 
very comprehensive review and edit process. This was primarily 
done to minimize the nonsampling errors. 

In a probability sample, the coefficients of variation (CV's), 
which are a measure of the sampling errors in the estimates, can 
be estimated from the survey data. CV's were calculated for the 
basic characteristics as part of the survey estimation process; these 
CV's as well as the corresponding estimates for number of workers 
are given in tables E-41 through E^8. The CV's for other estimates 
can also be derived if requested. The methodology used to com- 
pute the estimated CV's is given below. 

By definition, the CV of any sample estimate is equal to the 
standard error of the estimate divided by the value of the estimate 
(<5). In other words, it is a measure of relative variation. Because 
the survey data will be used by numerous researchers to measure 
different statistics (e.g., totals, means, medians, percentages) by 
various cross-classification categories, it was not feasible to use 
the exact formula for the standard error estimates. Hence, a 
generalized formula that approximated the exact formula and that 
was easy to implement for computing all the standard error estimates 
was developed. It should be noted that since the survey uses a 
complex sampling design, the usual variance, standard deviation, 
and standard error estimates computed by the software packages 
are no longer valid because they are based on simple random sample 
design. The reliability measures for this survey were computed by 
employing a random group variance technique. A brief descrip- 
tion of it is given in appendix D and a detailed discussion is given 
in reference 9. 

The purpose of producing a reliability measure for this report 
is to define the confidence interval or range that would include the 
comparable complete coverage value. For example, the total number 
of estimated truck drivers for the 1986 stone mining was 8,808 
(table E-l and E-42) with a CV of 3.6 pet (table E-*2). Based on 
this information, the standard error on the total number of truck 
drivers is 317 (estimate x CV = 8.808 x 0.036) and the 95-pct 
confidence interval is 8.174 to 9.442 (8.808 ± 2 x 317). This 
means that with 95 pet confidence, it can be said that the interval 
8,174 to 9,442 includes the total number of truck drivers in the 
stone mining industry that would have been obtained from a census 
of the frame. 

In general, the smaller the subpopulation size, the larger the 
variability in the estimates. Additionally, the larger the nonresponse. 
the less reliable the estimate may be. As mentioned earlier, 
nonresponse error is considered a nonsampling error. This error 
occurred more frequently for estimates of job-related training during 
the last 2 years and total mine experience than for other variables 
because conceptually these variables are harder to report. Moreover, 
it is possible that the training estimates might be somewhat biased 
because many respondents filled in 16 h. the minimum number of 
hours required by MSHA over a 2-year period. 



VALIDATION OF ESTIMATES 

Once the estimates were produced, they were validated for 
accuracy and reasonableness by several mining industry specialists. 
Additionally, the total employment for each industry was compared 
to an independent census conducted by MSHA, the results of which 
are reported in references 10 through 14. The injury experience 
reports tabulate the injury-illness-fatality data reported to MSHA 
on form 7000-1 and employment data reported on form 7000-2. 
While the data base used to compile the statistics for these reports 
contains detailed information for the injured victims, it does not 
contain similar information for the entire workforce. The breakdown 
of total employment is available only by type of ore mined, employ- 
ment size class, and work location. Hence, the MIPS was conducted 
so that MSHA injury data could be analyzed in greater detail. 

The data show that the overall employment figures from the 
two sources differed about 9 pet for the stone mining industry, with 
the MSHA figures being higher than those of the demographic 
survey. The difference in the estimates is caused in part by 
differences in reporting, coverage period, definitions, and 
methodology as explained below for data comparison by employ- 
ment size class and by work location. 

When comparing distribution of workers by employment size 
class, the differences between the data of the total row of table E-l 
of this report and MSHA data as stated in table 4 of reference 1 1 
are substantial. This is mainly due to the differences in definition 
and methodology. The MIPS classification is based on total employ- 
ment of an establishment as it existed when the respondents filled 
out the questionnaire. MSHA collects employment on a quarterly 
basis, and for each quarter it is possible for the employment to be 
broken into a maximum of four different work locations; hence, 
each establishment may have up to 16 different employment figures. 

Per MSHA's methodology, the size groups are classified 
according to the lowest numbered (primary) subunit's average 
employment of four quarters and not on the total employment of 



an establishment, as is the case with the MIPS. For example, if 
an establishment's annual average employment is 60, but the 
employment for the primary subunit, say underground, is 15, then 
the establishment per MSHA's methodology is classified in size 
class 1 through 19, whereas according to the MIPS procedure it 
is in size class 50 through 99. It is for this reason the average 
employment per operation as stated in table 4 of reference 1 1 is 
6.7 for size class 1-4. It should be noted that MSHA classification 
overestimates the employment in smaller size classes. 

In view of the above, the injury data as published in reference 
1 1 by size class should not be analyzed against the MIPS employ- 
ment size class data. Instead, the analyst needs to retabulate the 
MSHA injury data from the original data tapes so that the size class 
definition corresponds to the MIPS. 

Also, a large difference existed between MIPS and MSHA 
figures for employment distribution by work location. This is 
primarily due to differences in reporting. The employment reported 
to MSHA every quarter is in aggregate numbers for each work loca- 
tion (maximum of four). Generally, this type of reporting results 
in gross approximations in the breakdown of variables such as 
employment. For the MIPS data, the work location was reported 
for each worker in the sample, in the same manner as it is reported 
to MSHA on form 7000-1 for each injured worker. It should be 
noted that the data on work location for individual workers is known 
with more specificity than for the whole population. Hence, it is 
appropriate to analyze the survey work location data with MSHA 
injury statistics. 

Additionally, a small portion of the difference in the two 
estimates is due to the job title category of office workers. The MIPS 
underestimated the number of employees in this category because 
many respondents assumed that these workers very seldom incur 
injuries and therefore were not to be reported. For the purposes 
of injury analysis, the office workers are to be excluded because 
of some of the obvious difference in the injury risk. Hence, the 
difference in counts of office workers does not make any difference. 



SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS 



The findings of the survey by various cross-classifications are 
given as estimates in tables E-l through E-40; tables E-41 through 
E-48 give reliability estimates for the basic characteristics and a 
detailed discussion of their use is given in the "Reliability of 
Estimates" section. If desired, the estimates by some other 
classification criteria including more detailed estimates (e.g., 
distribution of workers by age and experience at present company 
working at the plant or mill location) can be derived from the original 
data base. The following findings are based on the data for the entire 
1986 stone mining workforce. 

• The total estimated workforce for 1986 was approximately 
73,400 (table E-l). The data in table E-l also indicate that 
49 pet of the workforce was employed in establishments with 
49 or less employees, 45 pet in establishments with 50-249 
employees, and 6 pet in establishments with 250 or more 
employees. 

• The two largest categories of workers were mechanic-welder- 
oiler-machinist and plant operator- warehouseman with 16 
pet of the employment (table E-l). The laborer-miner-utility 
man, and truck driver categories each made up another 12 
pet; and each of the remaining occupation groupings had 
fewer than 10 pet of the employees 



• The distribution of workers by work location was surface 
mine, 49 pet; plant or mill, 39 pet; office 10 pet; and the 
locations underground mine and surface at underground mine 
each consisted of 1 pet (table E-3). The data in table E-3 
also show that in the smaller establishments there were 
proportionately more workers at the location surface mine, 
while in the larger establishments there were proportionately 
more workers in the plant or mill area. 

• A comparison of the workers by job title and experience at 
the job (table E-10), experience at company (table E-ll), 
and total mining experience (table E-l 2) shows that the 
category manager-foreman-supervisor (general) had the 
highest median experience with 8, 14, and 17 years, 
respectively. 

• Of the female employees, 64 pet had the job title category 
office workers, compared with 3 pet of the males (table 
E-15). 

• A comparison of education for the two major work locations 
shows that 74 pet of the plant or mill workers and 64 pet 
of the surface mine workers had high school or better educa- 
tion (table E-27). Note: These percentages were based on 
data entries for which education was specified. 



The following findings are based on stone mining data that 
exclude the job title category of office worker. 

• The largest category of equipment operated was handtools 
(powered and nonpowered) with 15 pet of the employment, 
followed closely by the category none with 14 pet, plant 
equipment and haulage truck each with 13 pet, and front- 
end loader-forklift with 11 pet (table E-2). 

• The median experience at present job, present company, and 
total mining were 5, 8, and 9 years, respectively (table E-4). 
Both median experience at present company and at mining 
were higher for establishments with 100 or more employees 
than for establishments with less than 100 employees. 

• Mean job-related training during the last 2 years was 48 h 
(table E-5). 

• Mean age was 40 years (table E-6). The age group 50 and 
over had the largest number of workers (16,466) followed 
closely by the 40-49 age group (15,150); these two groups 
made up about 46 pet of the workforce. 

• Males made up 98 pet of the workforce (table E-7). Note 
that the 98-pct figure excludes the unspecified category. 

• Whites, blacks, and Hispanics made up 82, 7, and 8 pet, 
respectively, of the workforce (table E-7). The remaining 
3 pet workers belonged either to another race or were 
unspecified. 

• Of those workers whose education was specified, 69 pet had 
a high school or better education (table E-7). Note that this 
figure is obtained by (1) summing the workers in the 
categories high school diploma, vocational diploma, some 
college, and college degree, and (2) dividing this sum by 
the total number of workers minus the workers in the 
unspecified category. In this case, it is 43,560 divided by 
62,977. 



76 pet 



77 pet 



80 pet 



80 pet 



77 pet 



66 pet 



52 pet 



15-23 24-26 27-29 30-34 35-39 40-49 50+ 

AGE, yr 

Figure 1.— Percentage of 1986 stone mining workforce with 
at least a high school diploma, by age (excluding job title category 
of office worker, as well as workers whose education was 
unspecified. 



The distribution of workers by equipment operated varied 
considerably between males and females (table E-21). This 
was especially true for the principal equipment categories 
handtools (powered and nonpowered), scale-lab equipment- 
controls, and none. For example, scale-lab equipment- 
controls was the principal equipment operated by 37 pet of 
the females compared with 4 pet for males. Handtools was 
the largest principal equipment operated category for males 
(16 pet); for females this category was 3 pet. 
There was a higher percentage of employees with at least 
a high school education under the age of 40 than there were 
of age 40 and over (table E-38 and figure 1); proportion- 
ately more females had a high school or higher education 
than males (table E-39 and figure 2); education categorized 
by race (table E-40) is shown in figure 3. 





89 pet 


69 pet 











MALE 



'EYA-E 



Figure 2.— Percentage of 1986 stone mining workforce with 
at least a high school diploma, by sex (excluding job title category 
of office worker, as well as workers whose education was 
unspecified. 



72 pet 








51 pet 










to pec 







WHITE 



BLACK 



HISPANIC 



Figure 3.— Percentage of 1986 stone mining workforce with 
at least a high school diploma, by race (excluding job title 
category of office worker, as well as workers whose education 
was unspecified. 



APPLICATION OF DATA FOR INJURY ANALYSES 



The ultimate objective of this study is to provide a basis for— 

1. Analyzing the 1986 MSHA stone mining injury statistics 
and identifying those subpopulations exhibiting higher or lower than 
average injury rates. 

2. Producing some selected estimates by geographic location 
such as regions (east, central, west), MSHA districts, or States, 
and performing injury data analyses. 

3. Producing some selected estimates by standard industrial 
classification (SIC) codes such as crushed stone and dimension stone, 
and performing injury data analyses. 



4. Developing an easy to use computerized data base that would 
be available to the researchers to do their own analyses, especially 
in the area of targeting injury prevention and training efforts. 

The results from these analyses, which encompass all facets 
of mining operations, can help identify areas where research efforts 
should be devoted to achieve the greatest safety improvements, thus 
preventing creation of unnecessary regulations or crash research 
programs that tend to waste funds. 



RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK 



1 . After the injury analyses are performed, and the hazardous 
areas or subpopulations have been identified, it would be desirable 
to further investigate their problems and needs. This can be 
accomplished by conducting some special surveys such as an equip- 
ment use survey, maintenance related work survey, small mines 
survey, etc. 

2. Repeat the MIPS and perform the injury analyses period- 
ically, say every 3 to 5 years, in order to study the changing mining 



environment and its impact on mining safety and productivity. When 
the survey is repeated, it is recommended that modifications be made 
to the questionnaire to reflect new needs. It is also recommended 
that the collection of total mine experience and job-related training 
data be eliminated, since these variables are conceptually very hard 
to measure. Also, the variables experience on the job and experience 
with the company should be measured in years only. 



REFERENCES 



1. Butani, S. J., and A. M. Bartholomew. Characterization of the 1986 
Metallic Mining Workforce. BuMines IC 9201, 1988, in press. 

2. . Characterization of the 1986 Sand and Gravel Mining 

Workforce. BuMines IC 9203, 1988, in press. 

3. . Characterization of the 1986 Nonmetallic Mining Workforce. 

BuMines IC 9204, 1988, in press. 

4. . Characterization of the 1986 Metal and Nonmetal Mining 

Workforce. BuMines IC 9193, 1988, 60 pp. 

5. . Characterization of the 1986 Coal Mining Workforce. 

BuMines IC 9192, 1988, 67 pp. 

6. Cochran, W. G. Sampling Techniques. Wiley, 3ded., 1977, 429 pp. 

7. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational Illnesses in the United 
States by Industry, 1985. May 1987, 81 pp. 

8. Hansen, M. H., W. N. Hurwitz, and W. G. Madow. Sample Survey 
Methods and Theory. Wiley, v. 1, 1953, 638 pp. 



9. Wolter, K. M. Introduction to Variance Estimation. Springer- Verlag, 
1985, 440 pp. 

10. U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration. Injury Experience in 
Metallic Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1158, 1987, 276 pp. 

11. . Injury Experience in Stone Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1160, 

1987, 450 pp. 

12. . Injury Experience in Sand and Gravel Mining, 1986. Inf. 

Rep. 1161, 1987, 111 pp. 

13. . Injury Experience in Nonmetallic Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 

1159, 1987, 291 pp. 

14. . Injury Experience in Coal Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1157, 

1987, 390 pp. 



APPENDIX A.— STONE MINING INDUSTRY JOB TITLE GROUPING 

Description Job title code 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 367, 378, 778, 387 

Beltman-belt repairman 601, 1012, 996 

Blaster 807 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 372 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 368, 768, 985 

Driller-rock bolter 33, 34, 333, 334, 1056, 46 

Electrician-lampman 402, 602, 603, 385 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 382, 782, 825, 389 

Grader-scraper operator 375, 775, 957 

Laborer-miner-utility man 616, 53, 316, 36, 38, 39, 45, 57, 58, 59, 158, 216, 224, 327, 

386, 395, 609, 624, 663, 710, 716, 874, 997, 1013, 1055 
Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 430, 449, 481, 489, 494 

Maintenance 418 

Working 749 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 404, 604, 605, 1019, 1018, 1060, 394, 608 

Mine technical support 320, 393, 396, 414, 423, 456, 464, 495, 593, 594, 920, 921, 

930, 965, 998, 1014 

Office worker 497 

Plant operator-warehouseman 374, 379, 380, 388, 390, 392, 1022 

Shuttle car-tram operator 850, 28, 29, 269, 373, 728, 962, 969 

Truck driver 376, 776 



Code Description 

28 Scoop tram operator 

29 Mucking machine operator 

33 Driller helper, underground 

34 Exploration driller, underground 

Longhole driller, underground 

Prospect driller, underground 

Diamond driller, underground 

36 Continuous miner operator 

38 Cutting machine operator 

39 Hand loader 

Trammer 
45 Hangup man 

Rockman 

Raise blaster 

Chute blaster 

Rock handler 
46 Pinner 

Truss bolter 

Rock bolter 

Roof trimmer 

Roof man 

Scaler operator 

Roof bolter 
53 Nipper 

Utility man 

57 Stope miner 

58 DXC miner 

Drift miner 

59 Raise miner 

158 Rock machine operator, underground 

216 Trackman 

224 Trainees, underground 



Code Description 

269 Chute puller, underground 

Locomotive operator 

Car loader underground 

Whistle punk, underground 
316 Service truck operator 

Laborer 

Track gang, surface 

Surface worker 

Utility man, surface 

Pumper, surface 

Tamping machine operator 
320 Cage attendant, surface 

Aerial tram— outside only 

327 Surface miner 

333 Driller helper 

334 Carriage-mounted drill operator, surface 

Wagon drill operator, surface 

Churn driller, surface 

Rotary drill operator 

JP drill operator, surface 

Air-track driller, outside only 
367 Backhoe operator 

Power shovel operator 

Pitman 
368 Dozer operator 

Track operator helper, surface 

Tractor operator, surface 
372 Deckhand 

Dredge operator 

Barge attendant 

Barge loader 

Boat operator 



Code Description 

373 Car dropper 

374 Storekeeper 

Blunger 

Process operator 

Sandbox operator 

Mill operator 

Reagent operator 

Car loader, surface 

Warehouseman 

Shipping 

Media operator 

Breakerman 

Crusher operator 

Sewing machine operator 

Boney preparation plant operator 

Packaging 

Cleaning plant operator 

Truck loader 

Bagger-baler 

Preparation plant operator 

Cobber 

375 Grader operator, surface 

376 Truck driver, surface 

378 Dragline operator 

Dropball operator 

Crane operator, surface 
379 Kiln operator 

Calciner 

Dryer operator 

380 Fine coal plant operator 

382 Loader operator 

Front-end loader operator, surface 

Pan operator 

Scraper operator 

Highlift operator 

Payloader operator 

385 Lampman 

386 Refuse truck driver 

387 Rotary bucket excavator operator 

388 Separator operator 

Scalper 

Shaker operator 

Screen operator 

389 Forklift operator 

390 Silo operator 

392 Washery operator 

Topman 

Skip dumper 

Binman 

Scrubber operator 

Tipple operator-attendant 
393 Scaleperson 

Weighman-weighmaster 

394 Carpenter 

395 Water truck operator 

396 Watchman 

Security guard 



Code Description 

398 Sawyer 

Stone finishing 

399 Dimension stone cutter-polisher 

402 Master electrician 

404 Master mechanic 

414 Laboratory assistant 

Analyst 

Laboratory technician 

Laboratory supervisor 

Quality control 

Dust sampler 

Emission control specialist 
418 Maintenance supervisor 

Maintenance foreman 

423 Surveyor 

430 Assistant mine manager 

Assistant mine foreman-vice president 
449 Mine owner 

Assayers 

President 

General foreman 

Mine manager 

Mine foreman 
456 Engineer 

Metallurgist-geologist 

Chemist 

464 Inspector 

481 Superintendents 

Project managers 

Coordinators 

Supervisors 

489 Outside foreman 

494 Plant manager 

Mill manager 

Plant foreman 

Mill foreman 
495 Safety coordinator 

Safety manager 

Safety director 

Environmental coordinator 

Safety engineer 
497 Office help 

Computer operator 

Controller 

Clerk 

593 Nurse 

594 Training specialist 

601 Conveyor man 

Belt walker 

Belt installer 

Tunnel worker 

Tailpiece man 

Belt mover 

Mobile bridge carrierman 

Beltman 
602 Lineman 

Electrician 



10 



Code 



Description 



603 Electrician helper 

604 Fueler 

Boilermaker 

Plumber 

Pipefitter 

Boiler operator 

Pipe man 

Boiler trainee 

Mechanic 

Repairman 

Mill wright 

605 Mechanic helper 

608 Mason 

609 Supplyman 

Material man 
616 Rock picker 

Parts runner 

Groundman 

Unit helper 

Bathhouse attendant 

Pointman 

Laborer 

Slate picker 

Roustabout 

Extra man 
624 Trainees 

Apprentice 
663 Ledgeman 

Quarry man 

Miner, not elsewhere classified 

Shaft miner 

Probeman 
710 Propman 

Timberman 
716 Cement man 

Form man 

Grizzly tender 
728 Gizmo operator 

Load-haul-dump operator, underground 
749 Shift boss 

Foreman-leadman 

Bullgang foreman 

Labor foreman 

Section boss-foreman 

768 Heavy equipment operator 

775 Grader operator, underground 

776 Truck driver, underground 

778 Cherry picker 

Crane operator, underground 

Dragline operator, underground 

Backhoe operator, underground 

Gradall operator 

Front-end loader operator, underground 



825. 
850. 



874. 
920. 
921. 



930. 
957. 
962. 



Code Description 

807 Chargeman 

Shot firer 

Powder man 

Blaster 

Airdox operator 

Loading hole shooter 

Powder monkey 
.Bobcat operator 
.Ramcar operator 

Shuttle car operator 

Buggy operator 
.Mine equipment operator 
. Cager 
. Hoist operator 

Hoist engineer 

Shaftman 
.Skip tender 
.Scraper operator 
.Car runner, surface 

Trip rider 

Brakeman 

Flagman 

Car rider 

Conductor 
. Dispatcher 
. Swamper 

Motorman 

Switchman 
.Heavy equipment operator, surface 

Mobile equipment operator, surface 
. Feeder man 

General or many equipment operator 

Janitor 

Bag stenciler 

Prospector 

Painter 

1012. . . Belt repairman 

Belt vulcanizer 

1013. . . Cleanup man 

1014 Sampler 

1018. . . Lube man 

Greaser-oiler 
1019.... Welder 
1022 . . . .Dump man 

Dump operator 
1055 . . . . Chainman 
1056. . . Rock driller 
1060 Machinist 

Shopman 

Shop foreman 

Bit sharpener 



965. 
969. 



985. 

996. 
997. 
998. 



11 



APPENDIX B.— STONE MINING INDUSTRY EQUIPMENT OPERATED GROUPING 

Description Equipment code 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 60, 14 

Belt 13, 96 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 8, 85 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 53, 54, 49 

Drill (surface) 9 

Explosives 47 

Front-end loader-forklift 24, 23 

Grader-scraper 52, 57 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 28 

Hoist-elevator 30, 19, 38 

Many equipment 97 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 95, 12, 16 

Plant equipment 40, 7, 10, 11, 15, 18, 22, 26, 32, 39, 46, 51, 58, 69, 82, 83 

Pump 48 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 92, 80, 91 

Shuttle car-locomotive 61, 34, 33, 41, 42, 43, 65 

Stone cutting-finishing machine 17 

Truck (haulage) 44, 45 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 67, 37, 66 

Welding machine-lathe 70, 5 

None 

Not elsewhere classified 98, 68, 71, 81, 88 

Unspecified 99 



Code 



Description 



None 

5 Drill press 

Bench grinder 

Lathe 
7 Boats 

Barges 

Water transportation 
8 Bulldozer 

Dozer 

Crawler tractor 
9 Carriage mounted drill 

Jumbo drill 

Churn drill 

Rotary drill 

Jet piercing drill 

Airtrack compressor drill 
10 Chute 

Airslide 
11 Classifier 

Cyclones 
12 Continuous miner 

Dosco miner 
13 Belt feeder 

Mobile bridge carrier 

Conveyor 

All types belts 
14 Cherry picker 

Basket scaler 

Scaling machine 

Rock or dropball 

Boom hoist 

Derrick 

Crane 

Gantry 



Code Description 

15 Breaker 

Crusher 
16 Cutting machines 

Undercutter 

Chain cutter 
17 Polishing machinery 

Dimension stone cutting 

18 Dredge 

19 Elevator 

Buckets 

Cage 

Skip 
22 Precipitator heavy media bath 

Filters 

Flotation machines 

23 Forklift 

24 Highlift 

Skip tender 

Front-end loader 

Payloader 

26 Grizzlies 

28 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 

Ram jack 
30 Hoist 

Car dropper 

Hydraulic jack 

32 Impactor 

33 Scoop tram 

Unitrac 

Load-haul-dump 

Teletram car 

Bobcat, underground 



12 



Code Description 

34 Locomotive 

Trammer 

Tow-motor 

Lorry car 

Rail-mounted locomotive 
37 Porta bus 

Mancar 

Golf cart 

Mantrip 

Rail runner 

Rail rover 

Personnel carrier 

Boss buggy 

Jeep 
38 Man lift 

Scaling rig 
39 Grinding mills 

Ball or rod mills 
40 Milling machinery 

Block press 

General plant equipment 
41 Nipper truck, underground 

Mine car, underground 

Underground flatcar 

Timber truck, underground 
42 Mine car, surface 

Ore-coal car, surface 

Boxcar, surface 

Hopper car, surface 
43 Mucking machine 

Overshot loader 

44 Ore haulage trucks, offhighway 

45 Pay loader ore haulage, onhighway 

46 Bagger 

Sewing machine 

Packaging machine 
47 Pneumatic blast agent loader 

Pop shooter 

Driller loader 

Prill loader 

Powder buggy 

Explosives 

48 Pump 

49 Raise borer 

51 Raw coal storage 

Tipple 

Dump bins 
52 Roadgrader 

Motor grader 

Motor patrol 
53 Jackleg 

Drifter drill 

Airleg 

Diamond drill 

Track drill 

Jumbo drill 

Rock drill 

Buzzy drill 

Jackhammer 

Hydraulic drill 

Stoper drill 



Code Description 

54 Pinner 

Roof bolting machine 
57 Pan scraper 

Scoop, surface 

Self-loading scraper 

Tractor scraper 

Scraper loader 
58 Shaker 

Vibrator 

Screen 
60 Dragline 

Dragline bucket 

Backhoe 

Power shovel 

Clamshell 
61 Buggy 

Shuttle car 

Ram car 
65 Track maintenance 

Track repair equipment 
66 Tractor, underground 

Elkhorn 

Supply car 
67 Trash truck 

Service truck 

Utility truck 

Water truck 

Dump truck 

Pickup truck 
68 Tugger 

Air winch 

69 Washers 

70 Welding machine 

Torch 
71 Machines, not elsewhere classified 

Rock rake 

Drilling rigs 

Impact roller 

80 Lab equipment 

81 Rigs, not elsewhere classified 

82 Boilers 

83 Furnaces 

Calciners 

Kilns 

Dryers 
85 Heavy equipment 

Mobile equipment 

88 Diesels 

91 Controls 

Consoles 

92 Scales 

95 Miscellaneous utility equipment 

96 Feeders 

97 Many-all types of equipment 

98 Not elsewhere classified 

99 Not specified 



13 



APPENDIX C— ESTIMATION PROCEDURES 



Establishment weight. —Suppose one out of every five mine 
establishments in a sampling stratum (industry-mine type-employ- 
ment size class-status) was selected. Then, the sampling ratio is 
1/5, and the establishment weight (EWT) is 5.00, the inverse of 
the sampling ratio. 

Nonresponse adjustment factor.— Also suppose in a given 
sampling stratum, 80 pet of the establishments that were within the 
scope of the survey responded. Then, the nonresponse adjustment 
factor (NRAF) is 1.25 (i.e., 100/80). 

Worker weight.— Additionally, there was the sampling ratio 
with which the workers in the establishment were sampled; the 
worker weight (WWT) ranged from 1.00 to 30.00 (see the first 
page of the MIPS questionnaire in appendix F). Theoretically, all 
the workers in a sampling stratum should have had the same weight. 
Hence, there would have been no need to assign weight at the worker 
level, as the worker weight could have been incorporated into the 
establishment weight. In practice, however, this is seldom the case 
because for a few establishments the employment level changes from 
what it was on the sampling frame to the time of the survey data 
collection. Since all the establishments did not report in the same 
employment size class that they were sampled in, it was necessary 
to also assign each worker a weight. 

Final weight. — For the purpose of computing the estimates, 
each worker was assigned a final weight (FWT) which was the 
product of establishment weight (EWT), nonresponse adjustment 
factor (NRAF), and the worker weight (WWT). That is, FWT = 
EWT X NRAF x WWT. 

Estimates of number of workers. — The estimates of the total 
number of workers were computed by (1) summing the final weights 
over the appropriate domain, and (2) rounding the sum to the nearest 
integer. 

Example: To estimate the total number of truck drivers: 

1 . Compute x = I FWT;. 

itD 
Where the domain D was the set of all records 
(workers) that had an occupation code of truck 
driver. 

2. Compute y = round (x). 



Estimates of mean. —The estimates of mean age (training) were 
computed by summing over the appropriate domain (1) the product 
of age (training) and final weight, (2) the final weights, and then 
(3) dividing the sum of the products by the sum of the weights and 
rounding the result to the nearest whole number. It should be noted 
that for each domain only those entries where age (training) was 
specified were included in the computation. 

Example: To estimate the mean age of the truck drivers: 

1. Compute x = Z (Age ; * FWT S ). 
kD 



2. Compute y = 



I FWT,, 
i £ D 



Where domain, D, is the set of all records that 
had an occupation code of truck driver with age 
being specified. 
3. Compute z = round (x/y). 

Estimates of median.— The estimates of median job, company, 
and mining experience were derived by (1) sorting over the domain 
the records in ascending order of the experience for which the 
median statistic was desired, (2) computing the total number of 
workers (NW) in the domain by summing the final weights, and 
(3) selecting the experience corresponding to the middle worker(s) 
in the ordering. That is, if NW is an odd number, then the median 
experience is the experience corresponding to the (NW/2 + l)th 
worker in the ordering; if NW is an even number, then the median 
experience is the midpoint (rounded to the nearest integer) of the 
experience corresponding to the (NW/2)th and (NW/2 + l)th 
worker in the ordering. As with the mean estimates, the median 
estimates also excluded those entries in the domain with unspecified 
experience. 



14 



APPENDIX D.— RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES: RANDOM GROUP VARIANCE TECHNIQUE 



The random group method of variance estimation employed 
in this study consisted of selecting eight samples using the same 
sampling scheme for each sample as the parent sample. The primary 
sampling units (establishments) were divided into two sets. The first 
set consisted of noncertainty (probability of selection less than 1 .00) 
primary sampling units sorted by their original industry-mine type- 
employment size class-status. A random integer, say j, between 1 
and 8 was generated. The first primary unit in the ordering was 
assigned to the random group j, the second to the random group 
j + 1, and so forth in a modulo 8 fashion. Then, the secondary 
sampling units (workers) were assigned the same random group 
number as the primary unit to which they belonged. The second 
set consisted of all secondary sampling units belonging to the 
certainty (probability of selection equal to 1.00) primary sampling 
units. The secondary sampling units were sorted by the same scheme 
as above, and a random integer, say k, between 1 and 8 was 
generated. Then, the first secondary unit in the ordering was 
assigned to the random group k, the second to the random group 
k + 1, and so forth in a modulo 8 fashion. Hence, each worker 
belonged to a random group. For a more detailed discussion of the 
random group technique, the reader is referred to reference 9 of 
the main text. 

The following procedure was followed in computing the 
estimated variance (var), standard error (s), and the coefficient of 



variation (CV) for the estimated number of workers belonging to 
a particular category. 

1. The domain (i.e., category) was defined. 

2. A separate estimate for total number of workers, 8 r for 
each of the eight random groups was computed. If any random 
group was empty, then a zero was assigned to that random 
group. 

3. Total number of workers, 0, for all eight groups was 
computed as 

= 0, + 2 + . . . + 8 . 

4. The mean number of workers per group was computed as 

, 5 = 0/8. 

5. The variance for was computed as 

8 
var (0) = 8 I (0; - 0) 2 . 
i = l 7 

6. The standard error of was computed as 

s(0) = ^ var (0). 

7. The CV for was computed as 

CV(0) = s(0) x 100.0. 





15 



APPENDIX E.— STONE MINING 1986 WORKFORCE ESTIMATES 



Table E-1.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by employment size class 1 

1^19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-999 Total 

Job title grouping 2 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator. . 694 4 566 3 381 4 420 2 55 1 2,118 3 

Beltman-belt repairman 81 56 6 123 1 53 1 319 

Blaster 113 1 145 1 18 59 336 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator .. . 26 134 1 10 171 
Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 

operator 484 3 435 3 207 2 597 3 53 1 1,775 2 

Driller-rock bolter 926 5 660 4 156 2 266 1 50 1 2,058 3 

Electrician-lampman 13 108 1 187 2 893 4 232 5 1,433 2 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 2,863 15 1,654 10 646 6 843 4 89 2 6,095 8 

Grader-scraper operator 121 1 95 1 105 1 94 415 1 

Laborer-miner-utility man 1,776 10 1,795 10 1,184 12 3,274 14 742 17 8,771 12 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 1,817 10 1,211 7 502 5 895 4 119 3 4,543 6 

Maintenance 18 135 1 102 1 363 2 89 2 708 1 

Working 113 1 396 2 590 6 1 ,035 4 228 5 2,362 3 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 1,335 7 2,471 14 1,917 19 4,762 21 973 23 11,458 16 

Mine technical support 629 3 874 5 669 7 1,998 9 354 8 4,524 6 

Office worker 1,354 7 967 6 805 8 1,510 7 374 9 5,010 7 

Plant operator-warehouseman 2,173 12 2,551 15 1,571 15 4,457 19 625 15 11,377 16 

Shuttle car-tram operator 13 22 58 1 96 24 1 213 

Stonecutter-finisher 253 1 364 2 248 1 864 1 

Truck driver 3,734 20 2,685 16 1,043 10 1,153 5 194 5 8,808 12 

Total 18,511 100 17,215 100 10,145 100 23,219 100 4,266 100 73,357 100 

'MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
2 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-2.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by employment size class 2 

~. " ! " VI9 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-999 Total 

Equipment operated grouping 3 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 706 4 586 4 389 4 464 2 83 2 2,228 3 

Belt 74 56 31 168 1 74 2 404 1 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 476 3 454 3 178 2 440 2 68 2 1,616 2 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 238 1 147 1 34 66 485 1 

Drill (surface) 834 5 607 4 139 1 268 1 50 1 1,898 3 

Explosives 120 1 145 1 20 47 332 

Front-end loader-forklift 3,079 18 1,887 12 802 9 1,488 7 282 7 7,538 11 

Grader-scraper 127 1 95 1 105 1 100 427 1 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) .. . 1,052 6 2,004 12 1,581 17 4,799 22 934 24 10,370 15 

Hoist-elevator 6 30 36 

Many equipment 345 2 179 1 59 1 81 20 1 684 1 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 998 6 986 6 841 9 2,307 11 290 7 5,423 8 

Plant equipment 2,268 13 2,362 15 1,208 13 2,815 13 452 12 9,105 13 

Pump 74 34 61 168 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 489 3 609 4 473 5 1,567 7 178 5 3,316 5 

Shuttle car-locomotive 13 48 71 1 154 1 26 1 312 

Stone cutting-finishing machine 291 2 330 2 248 1 868 1 

Truck (haulage) 3,813 22 2,745 17 1,059 11 1,238 6 263 7 9,119 13 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 145 1 146 1 45 294 1 360 9 989 1 

Welding machine-lathe 381 2 581 4 603 6 1,058 5 281 7 2,904 4 

None 1,663 10 2,019 12 1,572 17 3,517 16 464 12 9,235 14 

Not elsewhere classified 13 53 40 87 193 

Unspecified 31 138 1 51 1 411 2 65 2 695 1 

Total 17,157 100 16,248 100 9,341 100 21,709 100 3,891 100 68,347 100 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
3 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



16 



Table E-3.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: work location at mine, by employment size class 1 

,„, , , " Tl9 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-999 Total 

Work location 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Underground mine 333 2 273 2 165 2 324 1 1,094 1 

Surface at underground mine 182 1 253 1 140 1 83 658 1 

Surface mine 12,852 69 9,949 58 4,315 43 7,519 32 1,106 26 35.742 49 

Plant or mill 3,247 18 5,053 29 4,343 43 13,210 57 2,694 63 28,546 39 

Office 1,897 10 1,688 10 1,182 12 2,083 9 465 11 7,316 10 

Total 18,511 100 17,215 100 10,145 100 23,219 100 4,266 IOC) 73,357 100 

1 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-4.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, company, and mining, by employment size class 2 

~ ] Tl9 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-999 Total 

Experience, yr 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

At present job: 

0< to <1 3,731 22 3,367 21 1,929 21 3,306 15 733 19 13,067 19 

1< to <2 2,114 12 1,959 12 1,292 14 2,580 12 420 11 8.365 12 

2< to <3 1,626 9 1,218 7 832 9 2,051 9 458 12 6.185 9 

3< to <5 2,007 12 1,765 11 1,200 13 3,044 14 375 10 8.392 12 

5<to«10 2,901 17 3,238 20 1,912 20 5.190 24 971 25 14.212 21 

10< to «20 2,375 14 2,689 17 951 10 2,971 14 716 18 9,702 14 

20< 1,098 6 1,241 8 532 6 789 4 153 4 3,814 6 

Unspecified 1 ,304 8 770 5 692 7 1,778 8 67 2 4,611 7 

Total 17,157 100 16,248 100 9,341 100 21,709 100 3,891 100 68,347 100 

Median yr. . 4 NAp 5 NAp 4 NAp 5 NAp 5 NAp 5 NAp 

At present company: 

0<to<1 3,221 19 2,847 18 1,247 13 1,294 6 132 3 8,741 13 

1< to <5 5,600 33 4,187 26 2,823 30 3,615 17 276 7 16,500 24 

5<to<10 3,194 19 3,091 19 2,069 22 5.103 24 824 21 14.282 21 

10<to«15 1,883 11 2,116 13 902 10 3,784 17 584 15 9.269 14 

15<tO<20 1,093 6 1,573 10 758 8 2.593 12 654 17 6,670 10 

20< to <25 571 3 682 4 471 5 1,278 6 549 14 3,550 5 

25< to <30 377 2 666 4 316 3 1.217 6 291 7 2.867 4 

30< 558 3 665 4 536 6 1.828 8 538 14 4.126 6 

Unspecified 661 4 422 3 218 2 997 5 44 1 2.343 3 

Total 17,157 100 16,248 100 9.341 100 21.709 100 3.891 100 68.347 TOO 

Median yr.. 5 NAp 7 NAp 6 NAp 11 NAp 16 NAp 8 NAp 

Total mining: 

0< to <1 2,331 14 2,230 14 864 9 1.051 5 102 3 6.577 10 

1< to <5 4,232 25 3,312 20 1,910 20 2,687 12 195 5 12.337 18 

5< to <10 3,150 18 2,892 18 2,190 23 4.938 23 781 20 13.951 20 

10<to<15 2,008 12 2,164 13 1,095 12 3.720 17 513 13 9.500 14 

15<to<20 1,243 7 1,634 10 790 8 2,704 12 624 16 6.994 10 

20< to <25 718 4- 718 4 632 7 1.369 6 519 13 3.955 6 

25<to«30 452 3 809 5 355 4 1.159 5 261 7 3.037 4 

30< 664 4 709 4 547 6 1,816 8 534 14 4.269 6 

Unspecified 2,360 14 1,781 11 958 10 2,265 10 363 9 7,727 11 

Total 17,157 100 16,248 100 9,341 100 21,709 100 3.891 100 68.347 100 

Median yr. . 7 NAp 8 NAp 8 NAp 12 NAp 17 NAp 9 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment: hence. MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



17 



Table E-5.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 training received, by employment size class 2 

Tig 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-999 Total 

Job training for last 2 yr, h — — : rr. — ; rr. — : 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

1,519 9 990 6 994 11 1,650 8 21 1 5,175 8 

1-8 1,269 7 1,407 9 999 1 1 1,595 7 609 16 5,879 9 

9-15 714 4 297 2 246 3 1,788 8 183 5 3,230 5 

16 2,483 14 3,425 21 1,239 13 3,663 17 823 21 11,632 17 

17-40 2,263 13 2,730 17 1,540 16 2,811 13 640 16 9,985 15 

41-80 1,781 10 1,327 8 578 6 1,501 7 367 9 5,554 8 

81-160 871 5 588 4 207 2 1,692 8 163 4 3,522 5 

161 + 500 3 440 3 384 4 1,118 5 46 1 2,488 4 

Unspecified 5,758 34 5,044 31 3,153 34 5,889 27 1,039 27 20,883 31 

Total 17,157 100 16,248 IOC) 9,341 100 21,709 100 3,891 100 68,347 100 

Mean job training h . . 46 NAp 41 NAp 54 NAp 56 NAp 33 NAp 48 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 

statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-6.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age distribution, by employment size class 2 

~ VI9 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-999 Total 

Age, yr 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

15-20 486 3 320 2 222 2 192 1 1 ,220 2 

21-23 1,129 7 1,020 6 519 6 520 2 26 1 3,214 5 

24-26 1,571 9 1,394 9 785 8 1,090 5 151 4 4,992 7 

27-29 1,505 9 1,556 10 990 11 1,639 8 314 8 6,005 9 

30-34 2,503 15 2,433 15 1,404 15 3,219 15 428 11 9,988 15 

35-39 1,941 11 1,923 12 1,377 15 3,686 17 532 14 9,458 14 

40-49 3,260 19 3,352 21 1,970 21 5,458 25 1,209 31 15,250 22 

50+ 3,709 22 3,926 24 1,996 21 5,619 26 1,216 31 16,466 24 

Unspecified 1 ,053 6 323 2 77 1 286 1 15 1 ,754 3 

Total 17,157 T65 16,248 100 9,341 10C) 21,709 10C) 3,891 100 68,347 100 

Mean age yr . . 39 NAp 39 NAp 39 NAp 41 NAp 43 NAp 40 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-7.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 sex, race, and education, by employment size class 2 

1-19 ~ 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-999 Total 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Sex' 

Male 16,644 97 15,664 96 9,104 97 21,088 97 3,825 98 66,326 97 

Female 321 2 359 2 220 2 556 3 34 1 1 ,490 2 

Unspecified 192 1 225 1 16 65 32 1 531 1 

Total 17,157 100 16,248 100 9,341 10(3 21,709 10C) 3,891 100 68,347 100 

Race: 

White 14,906 87 13,526 83 7,458 80 17,066 79 3,214 83 56,171 82 

Black 683 4 1,144 7 927 10 2,191 10 174 4 5,119 7 

Hispanic 981 6 1,061 7 732 8 2,143 10 436 11 5,353 8 

Other 404 2 213 1 216 2 222 1 46 1 1,101 2 

Unspecified 183 1 303 2 8 88 21 1 603 1 

Total 17,157 100 16,248 100 9,341 100 21,709 100 3,891 100 68,347 100 

Education level: 

Some elementary 1,981 12 1,774 11 790 8 1,606 7 198 5 6,349 9 

Some high school 3,671 21 3,638 22 1,744 19 3,388 16 628 16 13,068 19 

High school diploma 8,324 49 7,219 44 3,912 42 9,992 46 1,924 49 31,371 46 

Vocational diploma 938 5 908 6 723 8 1,785 8 165 4 4,520 7 

Some college 840 5 821 5 735 8 2,220 10 504 13 5,120 7 

College degree 283 2 376 2 417 4 1,236 6 237 6 2,549 4 

Unspecified 1,121 7 1,512 9 1,020 11 1,482 7 235 6 5,370 8 

Total 17,157 100 16,248 100 9,341 100 21,709 100 3,891 100 68,347 100 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



18 



Table E-8.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by principal equipment operated 1 , number of workers 



Job title grouping 2 



Backhoe 
crane 

dragline 
shovel 



Belt 



Dozer 
heavy 
and 
mobile 
equip- 
ment 



Drill 
(under- 
ground) 
rock 
bolter 



Drill 
(surface) 



Explo- 
sives 



Front-end 
loader 
forklift 



Grader 
scraper 



Hoist 
elevator 



Many 
equip- 
ment 



Miscel- 
laneous 
utility 
equip- 
ment 



Plant 
equip- 
ment 



Pump 



Scale-lab 
equip- 
ment 

controls 



Shuttle 
car 
loco- 
motive 



Stone 
cutting 
finishing 
machine 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator .... 

Beltman-belt repairman 

Blaster 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 

Driller-rock bolter 

Electrician-lampman 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 

Grader-scraper operator 

Laborer-miner-utility man 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 

Maintenance 

Working 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 

Mine technical support 

Office worker 

Plant operator-warehouseman 

Shuttle car-tram operator 

Stone cutter-finisher 

Truck driver 

Total 36 

See explanatory notes at end of table. 



684 



5,423 



9,105 



168 



3,328 



312 



868 



Handtools 
(powered 

and 

non- 
powered) 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 2,089 00 00 150 

Beltman-belt repairman 300 

Blaster 303 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 26 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 32 1,422 8 224 

Driller-rock bolter 295 1,702 17 8 6 

Electrician-lampman 00 00 00 00 1,433 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 25 6,044 

Grader-scraper operator 415 

Laborer-miner-utility man 28 23 101 168 164 6 661 7 254 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 25 18 6 74 6 

Maintenance 

Working 38 7 6 66 7 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 8,530 

Mine technical support 15 6 52 

Office worker 

Plant operator-warehouseman 39 82 12 20 433 62 

Shuttle car-tram operator 

Stone cutter-finisher 13 6 

Truck driver 

Total 2,228 404 1,616 485 1,898 332 7,538 427 10,370 



Truck 
(haulage) 






7 
































13 


7 


















































63 









































89 



























































25 


















































5 


428 


5,423 


317 


122 


15 


59 


51 


197 





194 





104 














12 
































11 





90 





25 


7 


6 














8 





2 











25 








7 


17 


2,872 


























13 














13 





8,503 


24 


401 


76 


7 


13 


6 

















171 





7 























804 








7 





D 














8,801 



9,119 



19 



Table E-8.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by principal equipment operated, 1 number of workers— Con. 

Job title grouping* personnel W h eldi " g .^ None Not elsewhere unspecified Total 

M r M carrier machine-lathe classified 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 7 2,118 

Beltman-belt repairman 319 

Blaster 32 336 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 82 171 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 1,775 

Driller-rock bolter 10 13 7 2,058 

Electrician-lampman 1 ,433 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 6,095 

Grader-scraper operator 415 

Laborer-miner-utility man 402 233 48 61 8,771 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 84 4,021 4,543 

Maintenance 93 615 708 

Working 124 1,976 2,362 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 20 2,898 11,458 

Mine technical support 147 1 ,298 40 46 4,524 

Office worker 60 4,935 3 5,010 

Plant operator-warehouseman 98 7 996 86 507 1 1 ,377 

Shuttle car-tram operator 11 5 13 213 

Stone cutter-finisher 40 864 

Truck driver 8,808 

Total 1,049 2,904 14,170 196 695 73,357 

'See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

2 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-9.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by work location at mine, number of workers 



CiiffQCG at 

Job title grouping 1 Underground underground Surface mine 

mine mine 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 10 23 1,814 

Beltman-belt repairman 8 87 

Blaster 85 244 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 124 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 55 1,506 

Driller-rock bolter 244 13 1 ,767 

Electrician-lampman 13 7 383 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 98 72 4,796 

Grader-scraper operator 18 7 370 

Laborer-miner-utility man 106 70 4,823 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 72 50 2,900 

Maintenance 25 227 

Working 50 15 802 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 126 123 5,265 

Mine technical support 5 73 849 

Office worker 

Plant operator-warehouseman 35 56 1,721 

Shuttle car-tram operator 8 109 

Stone cutter-finisher 329 

Truck driver 198 87 7,624 

Total 1,094 658 35,742 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Plant or mil 



Office 



Total 



270 





2,118 


223 





319 


7 





336 


46 





171 


215 





1,775 


33 





2,058 


1,030 





1,433 


1,129 





6,095 


20 





415 


3,771 





8,771 


1,291 


231 


4,543 


439 


18 


708 


1,461 


34 


2,362 


5,944 





11,458 


1,840 


1,757 


4,524 





5,010 


5,010 


9,298 


267 


1 1 ,377 


96 





213 


535 





864 


899 





8,808 



28,546 



7,316 



73,357 



20 



Table E-10.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of experience at job 



J°b title groupingi toll to<2 to% tols 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 318 257 244 234 

Beltman-belt repairman 121 18 41 12 

Blaster 37 38 47 32 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 46 32 28 49 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 256 255 148 251 

Driller-rock bolter 413 270 150 194 

Electrician-lampman 206 131 176 203 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 988 687 591 757 

Grader-scraper operator 144 20 64 63 

Laborer-miner-utility man 2,672 1,287 710 989 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 366 403 278 456 

Maintenance 158 72 57 87 

Working 372 211 179 258 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 1,828 1,371 1,118 1,272 

Mine technical support 783 507 494 671 

Office worker 785 548 439 513 

Plant operator-warehouseman 2,272 1 ,553 1 ,041 1 ,657 

Shuttle car-tram operator 26 43 42 26 

Stone cutter-finisher 156 45 38 113 

Truck driver 1,906 1,164 740 1,068 

Total 13,852 8,913 6,624 8,904 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



5< 
to <10 



10< 
to <20 



20< 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Median, 



434 


338 


203 


89 


2,118 


5 


71 


37 


19 





319 


3 


113 


46 


10 


13 


336 


6 


15 











171 


3 


348 


252 


108 


158 


1,775 


5 


491 


299 


88 


154 


2,058 


4 


354 


193 


123 


47 


1,433 


5 


1,254 


935 


496 


387 


6,095 


5 


79 


36 





9 


415 


3 


1,402 


844 


277 


591 


8,771 


3 


1,012 


1,087 


591 


349 


4,543 


8 


239 


59 


11 


24 


708 


5 


564 


499 


171 


109 


2,362 


6 


2,914 


1,658 


564 


733 


1 1 ,458 


5 


1,056 


603 


191 


219 


4,524 


5 


1,139 


818 


442 


325 


5,010 


6 


2,174 


1,457 


481 


741 


11,377 


4 


27 


35 


8 


5 


213 


3 


141 


110 


72 


189 


864 


5 


1,524 


1.216 


397 


794 


8,808 


4 



15,351 



10,521 



4,255 



4,936 73.357 



Table E-11.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of experience at company 



Job title groupingi 0< 1< 5 < 1 °< 

M r a to <1 to <5 to «S10 to <15 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 204 607 447 195 

Beltman-belt repairman 62 43 62 92 

Blaster 31 109 95 56 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 13 38 33 31 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 170 436 290 293 

Driller-rock bolter 339 555 496 240 

Electrician-lampman 107 307 316 173 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 734 1 ,609 1 ,285 781 

Grader-scraper operator 119 129 86 12 

Laborer-miner-utility man 1 ,930 2,297 1 ,824 1 ,004 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 175 717 770 882 

Maintenance 34 130 169 115 

Working 139 334 460 373 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 1,230 2,363 2,648 1,700 

Mine technical support 466 1,198 1,032 551 

Office worker 605 1,284 1,172 723 

Plant operator-warehouseman 1,211 2,562 2,407 1,692 

Shuttle car-tram operator 26 32 44 62 

Stone cutter-finisher 123 198 172 92 

Truck driver 1 ,627 2,837 1 ,646 924 

Total 9,346 17,785 15,454 9,992 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



15< 
to <20 



20< 
to «25 



25< 
to «=30 



30< 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Median. 

yr 



257 


103 


80 


189 


35 


2,118 


8 


17 





24 


13 


6 


319 


8 


20 


8 


17 








336 


6 


10 











46 


171 


8 


128 


153 


63 


108 


135 


1,775 


9 


211 


74 


52 


35 


56 


2.058 


7 


187 


147 


31 


123 


42 


1,433 


10 


551 


292 


237 


404 


201 


6.095 


7 


46 


7 


10 


7 





415 


4 


501 


347 


199 


287 


383 


8,771 


5 


619 


348 


306 


582 


144 


4,543 


14 


78 


31 


87 


53 


11 


708 


11 


323 


255 


168 


258 


52 


2.362 


13 


1.254 


606 


485 


685 


488 


1 1 .458 


9 


457 


260 


185 


286 


88 


4.524 


8 


322 


286 


224 


236 


156 


5,010 


7 


1.287 


642 


493 


742 


341 


1 1 .377 


9 


27 





5 


17 





213 


11 


13 


39 


96 


68 


63 


864 


7 


683 


238 


329 


270 


254 


8.808 


5 



6.992 3,837 3,091 



4.362 



2,499 



73.357 



Table E-12.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of mining experience 



21 



Job title grouping' , °< , 1 <_ , 5 < . , 1 °< 

3 K M to <1 to <5 to ^10 to <15 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 160 380 448 249 

Beltman-belt repairman 56 25 62 92 

Blaster 25 75 69 63 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 7 38 57 53 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 62 418 302 273 

Driller-rock bolter 226 430 433 294 

Electrician-lampman 71 240 350 160 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 457 1,139 1,364 878 

Grader-scraper operator 100 72 82 20 

Laborer-miner-utility man 1,523 1,928 1,814 964 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 75 291 653 839 

Maintenance 6 76 129 125 

Working 64 133 444 407 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 956 1,860 2,598 1,793 

Mine technical support 380 919 951 573 

Office worker 426 970 1 ,084 707 

Plant operator-warehouseman 884 1,866 2,472 1,658 

Shuttle car-tram operator 13 32 51 55 

Stonecutter-finisher 105 122 72 89 

Truck driver 1 ,408 2,292 1 ,600 91 5 

Total ~7,003 13,307 15,035 10,207 

'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



15< 
to <20 



20< 
to <25 



25< 

to <30 



30< 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Median, 



265 


146 


96 


190 


183 


2,118 


10 


11 





24 


13 


36 


319 


8 


20 


8 


17 





60 


336 


8 


10 











7 


171 


8 


183 


184 


82 


120 


152 


1,775 


11 


211 


99 


90 


47 


228 


2,058 


8 


199 


141 


31 


123 


117 


1,433 


10 


639 


308 


243 


455 


612 


6,095 


9 


46 


15 


10 


7 


64 


415 


6 


534 


369 


196 


290 


1,154 


8,771 


7 


631 


431 


391 


682 


550 


4,543 


17 


86 


54 


76 


46 


110 


708 


14 


336 


271 


183 


258 


265 


2,362 


15 


1,305 


653 


519 


695 


1,079 


11,458 


10 


470 


285 


207 


291 


449 


4,524 


9 


348 


292 


214 


286 


683 


5,010 


9 


1,299 


700 


485 


744 


1,267 


1 1 ,377 


10 


33 





5 


17 


7 


213 


12 


7 


39 


26 


20 


384 


864 


6 


710 


251 


356 


270 


1,006 


8,808 


6 



7,342 4,247 3,250 4,555 



8,409 73,357 



Table E-13.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by hours of training received in last 2 years 



Job title grouping' 



1-8 



9-15 



16 



17-40 41-80 81-160 161 + 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Mean, 
hr 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 157 145 103 354 

Beltman-belt repairman 32 58 12 87 

Blaster 13 24 6 1 06 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 13 5 23 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 106 138 99 463 

Driller-rock bolter 184 123 73 471 

Electrician-lampman 160 127 92 212 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 425 503 208 1 ,007 

Grader-scraper operator 61 58 10 60 

Laborer-miner-utility man 618 786 529 1,354 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 428 236 137 795 

Maintenance 27 104 12 79 

Working 183 171 60 373 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 677 880 705 2,062 

Mine technical support 423 295 219 599 

Office worker 782 374 1 46 307 

Plant operator-warehouseman 933 1,088 576 1,901 

Shuttle car-tram operator 13 38 58 

Stone cutter-finisher 139 184 30 13 

Truck driver 581 917 358 1,616 

Total 5,957 6,252 3,376 1 1 ,939 

'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



287 


172 


89 


63 


747 


2,118 


49 


12 


12 





7 


100 


319 


22 


41 


31 


30 


19 


65 


336 


65 


44 





20 


7 


59 


171 


54 


218 


93 


56 


63 


540 


1,775 


39 


221 


230 


82 


65 


611 


2,058 


47 


171 


69 


125 


105 


371 


1,433 


82 


958 


523 


342 


161 


1,968 


6,095 


47 


36 


39 





15 


136 


415 


41 


1,183 


710 


403 


360 


2,828 


8,771 


44 


536 


406 


316 


145 


1,544 


4,543 


51 


123 


124 


43 


15 


182 


708 


47 


469 


277 


103 


100 


626 


2,362 


59 


1,917 


729 


529 


579 


3,381 


1 1 ,458 


60 


678 


365 


322 


154 


1,469 


4,524 


48 


495 


333 


225 


177 


2,172 


5,010 


53 


1,712 


973 


661 


365 


3,169 


11,377 


43 


15 


18 





18 


52 


213 


74 


51 


40 


12 


6 


389 


864 


24 


1,313 


743 


390 


243 


2,647 


8,808 


39 



10,480 5,887 3,746 2,665 23,055 73,357 



49 



22 



Table E-14.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of age 



Job title grouping 1 



15-20 



21-23 24-26 27-29 30-34 35-39 



40-49 



50- 



Unspeci- 

fied 



Total 



Mean, 

yr 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 37 75 207 151 

Beltman-belt repairman 13 7 12 69 

Blaster 7 18 24 33 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 7 18 13 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 7 31 62 97 

Driller-rock bolter 56 79 159 219 

Electrician-lampman 44 23 116 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 148 237 410 509 

Grader-scraper operator 40 32 40 66 

Laborer-miner-utility man 333 828 1 ,022 1 ,021 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 6 22 95 177 

Maintenance 6 7 

Working 6 17 59 98 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 134 288 656 1,060 

Mine technical support 35 217 290 370 

Office worker 47 175 264 425 

Plant operator-warehouseman 158 493 920 1,089 

Shuttle car-tram operator 7 6 13 

Stone cutter-finisher 13 66 56 96 

Truck driver 230 742 927 809 

Total ~~1 ,267 3,389 5,255 6,430 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



250 


198 


449 


713 


38 


2,118 


42 


33 


41 


59 


85 





319 


39 


83 


17 


66 


75 


13 


336 


39 


35 


44 


38 


15 





171 


36 


321 


246 


443 


537 


31 


1,775 


43 


345 


211 


398 


502 


89 


2,058 


39 


237 


309 


400 


294 


11 


1,433 


41 


875 


858 


1,247 


1,519 


292 


6,095 


40 


40 


45 


79 


74 





415 


36 


1,478 


1,070 


1,482 


1,285 


252 


8,771 


36 


418 


605 


1,393 


1,718 


110 


4,543 


46 


79 


108 


258 


229 


21 


708 


45 


289 


401 


708 


762 


21 


2,362 


44 


1,656 


1,916 


2,886 


2,622 


240 


11,458 


41 


625 


691 


1,068 


1,136 


92 


4,524 


41 


709 


719 


1,211 


1,346 


115 


5,010 


41 


1,705 


1,582 


2,379 


2,817 


234 


11,377 


40 


31 


29 


74 


40 


13 


213 


41 


108 


100 


212 


213 





864 


40 


1,380 


988 


1,609 


1,828 


295 


8,808 


38 



10,697 10,177 16,461 17,812 



1 ,869 73,357 



40 



Table E-15. — Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by sex 



Male Female 

Job title grouping 1 —rr. — ; ; —rr. — ; 

3 r 3 Workers pet Workers 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 2,105 3 6 

Beltman-belt repairman 302 17 

Blaster 336 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 155 15 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. 1,761 3 8 

Driller-rock bolter 1 ,998 3 8 

Electrician-lampman 1 ,433 2 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 6,030 9 13 

Grader-scraper operator 415 1 

Laborer-miner-utility man 8,433 12 206 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 4,500 7 18 

Maintenance 708 1 

Working 2,344 3 12 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 11 ,347 17 55 

Mine technical support 3,715 5 802 

Office worker 2,323 . 3 2,652 

Plant operator-warehouseman 11,100 16 200 

Shuttle car-tram operator 191 22 

Stone cutter-finisher 858 1 6 

Truck driver 8,597 13 102 

Total ~68,649 100 4,142 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Unspecified 



Total 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 












5 




1 
19 
64 
5 
1 

2 



6 



7 

51 


52 



132 

25 

7 

57 
7 

35 

78 





109 



1 




1 

9 

9 

23 

4 

1 

10 
1 
6 

14 



19 



100 



565 



100 



2,118 
319 
336 
171 

1.775 
2.058 
1.433 
6.095 
415 
8,771 

4,543 
708 

2.362 
11.458 

4,524 

5.010 

11.377 

213 

864 

8.808 



73.357 



3 



2 
3 
2 
8 
1 
12 

6 
1 
3 

16 
6 
7 

16 

1 

12 



100 



Table E-16.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by race 



23 



White Black Hispanic 
Job title grouping1 Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 1,762 3 174 3 

Beltman-belt repairman 289 18 

Blaster 301 6 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 112 59 1 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. . 1,451 2 155 3 

Driller-rock bolter 1,699 3 182 4 

Electrician-lampman 1 ,247 2 43 1 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 5,057 8 425 8 

Grader-scraper operator 329 1 12 

Laborer-miner-utility man 6,025 10 1,256 24 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 4,265 7 103 2 

Maintenance 638 1 21 

Working 2,201 4 98 2 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 9,617 16 579 11 

Mine technical support 3,997 7 129 2 

Office worker 4,677 8 88 2 

Plant operator-warehouseman 9,1 18 15 1 ,059 20 

Shuttle car-tram operator 146 34 1 

Stone cutter-finisher 648 1 186 4 

Truck driver 7,269 12 581 11 

Total 60,848 nXJ 5,207 100 5,460 

'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Other 



Unspecified 



Total 



Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


133 


2 


29 


2 


20 


3 


2,118 


3 


13 

















319 





20 





8 


1 








336 























171 





104 


2 


59 


5 


7 


1 


1,775 


2 


79 


1 


40 


3 


58 


9 


2,058 


3 


137 


3 


7 


1 








1,433 


2 


458 


8 


108 


9 


46 


7 


6,095 


8 


73 


1 














415 


1 


1,207 


22 


169 


14 


114 


17 


8,771 


12 


97 


2 


60 


5 


19 


3 


4,543 


6 


36 


1 


7 


1 


7 


1 


708 


1 


44 


1 


7 


1 


13 


2 


2,362 


3 


923 


17 


269 


23 


71 


11 


1 1 ,458 


16 


337 


6 


36 


3 


24 


4 


4,524 


6 


107 


2 


82 


7 


56 


9 


5,010 


7 


945 


17 


163 


14 


92 


14 


1 1 ,377 


16 


33 


1 














213 





18 





6 


1 


6 


1 


864 


1 


697 


13 


133 


11 


128 


19 


8,808 


12 



100 



1,183 



100 



659 



100 



73,357 



100 



Table E-17.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by education 



Some Some high High school Vocational Some College UnsDecified Total 

Job title arouoina 1 elementary school diploma diploma college degree v 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 

operator 308 15 661 31 876 41 84 4 58 3 15 1 117 6 2,118 3 

Beltman-belt repairman 13 4 115 36 136 43 8 3 34 11 13 4 319 

Blaster 56 17 56 17 155 46 25 7 42 13 336 

Deckhand-barge and dredge 

operator 7 4 15 9 114 67 20 1 1 15 9 171 

Dozer-heavy and mobile 

equipment operator 228 13 448 25 829 47 73 4 73 4 125 7 1,775 2 

Driller-rock bolter 227 11 570 28 811 39 158 8 106 5 3 184 9 2,058 3 

Electrician-lampman 14 1 91 6 480 33 451 31 204 14 79 5 116 8 1,433 2 

Front-end loader-forklift 

operator 707 12 1,424 23 2,979 49 254 4 194 3 44 1 494 8 6,095 8 

Grader-scraper operator 37 9 94 23 169 41 14 3 15 4 86 21 415 1 

Laborer-miner-utility man 1,047 12 1,629 19 4,141 47 438 5 540 6 156 2 820 9 8,771 12 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 260 6 450 10 1,878 41 253 6 637 14 695 15 370 8 4,543 6 

Maintenance 52 7 51 7 261 37 42 6 140 20 126 18 36 5 708 1 

Working 147 6 244 10 1,081 46 154 7 369 16 249 11 120 5 2,362 3 

Mechanic-welder-oiler- 
machinist 975 9 1,945 17 5,163 45 1,439 13 812 7 98 1 1,026 9 11,458 16 

Mine technical support 164 4 425 9 1,940 43 238 5 707 16 786 17 264 6 4,524 6 

Office worker 12 109 2 1,899 38 325 6 1,361 27 1,086 22 217 4 5,010 7 

Plant operator-warehouseman . 1,036 9 2,261 20 5,633 50 528 5 944 8 219 2 757 7 11,377 16 

Shuttle car-tram operator 8 4 42 20 121 57 7 3 13 6 7 3 15 7 213 

Stonecutter-finisher 120 14 315 36 374 43 6 1 19 2 6 1 24 3 864 1 

Truck driver 945 11 2,234 25 4,232 48 328 4 213 2 53 1 803 9 8,808 12 

Total 6,362 9 13,177 18 33,269 45 4,845 7 6,481 9 3,635 5 5,587 8 73,357 100 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



24 



Table E-18.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by years of experience at job 



Equipment operated grouping 2 



0< 

to <1 



1< 
to <2 



2< 

to <3 



3< 

to <5 



5< 

to <10 



10< 
to «20 



20< 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Median, 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 341 264 249 

Belt 146 25 47 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment ... . 269 211 139 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 134 116 19 

Drill (surface) 391 218 134 

Explosives 48 38 47 

Front-end loader-forklift 1,280 876 713 

Grader-scraper 144 20 64 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) . . 1,639 1,187 1,081 

Hoist-elevator 6 

Many equipment 73 73 71 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 1,692 752 445 

Plant equipment 1 ,947 1 ,239 790 

Pump 57 28 22 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 538 336 383 

Shuttle car-locomotive 41 78 33 

Stone cutting-finishing machine 180 51 44 

Truck (haulage) 1 ,992 1 ,240 796 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 198 106 99 

Welding machine-lathe 476 386 240 

None 1 ,244 1 ,025 704 

Not elsewhere classified 77 7 

Unspecified 1 53 90 66 

Total 13,067 8,365 6,185 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown 



261 


447 


361 


219 


86 


2,228 


5 


19 


78 


64 


26 





404 


3 


196 


317 


221 


100 


163 


1,616 


5 


91 


49 


51 


13 


13 


485 


2 


153 


479 


279 


103 


141 


1.898 


5 


37 


100 


39 


10 


13 


332 


5 


1,041 


1,596 


1,099 


529 


404 


7,538 


5 


63 


85 


36 


7 


9 


427 


3 


1,190 


2,647 


1,403 


550 


673 


10,370 


5 


22 





8 








36 


5 


38 


107 


154 


41 


127 


684 


7 


633 


890 


388 


199 


424 


5,423 


3 


1,280 


1,614 


1,258 


380 


597 


9,105 


4 


13 


30 


19 








168 


2 


460 


746 


489 


152 


211 


3,316 


5 


47 


58 


41 


8 


5 


312 


4 


106 


134 


104 


52 


195 


868 


5 


1,094 


1,547 


1,234 


415 


800 


9,119 


4 


86 


287 


127 


53 


34 


989 


5 


336 


718 


497 


132 


119 


2,904 


5 


1,099 


2,120 


1,744 


812 


487 


9,235 


6 


32 


54 


13 





11 


193 


4 


94 


110 


72 


12 


99 


695 


3 



8,392 



14,212 



9,702 



3,814 



4,611 



68,347 



Table E-19.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by hours of training received in last 2 years 



Equipment operated grouping 2 



1-8 



9-15 



16 



17-40 



41-80 



81-160 



161- 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Mean, 
h 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 157 153 125 394 

Belt 39 65 18 105 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment .... 78 130 72 366 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 126 .22 78 

Drill (surface) 136 108 67 411 

Explosives 7 19 13 106 

Front-end loader-forklift 530 651 324 1 ,287 

Grader-scraper 61 58 17 60 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) . . 660 825 592 1,816 

Hoist-elevator 30 

Many equipment 50 95 46 144 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 381 479 314 789 

Plant equipment 695 897 414 1 .535 

Pump 14 83 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 310 175 187 428 

Shuttle car-locomotive 13 38 84 

Stone cutting-finishing machine 132 144 30 13 

Truck (haulage) 616 953 381 1,702 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 73 107 55 155 

Welding machine-lathe 215 205 217 498 

None 808 691 314 1 ,425 

Not elsewhere classified 43 7 5 18 

Unspecified 31 58 31 1 04 

Total 5,175 5,879 3,230 11.632 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



299 


171 


89 


63 


776 


2.228 


47 


40 


18 


7 


26 


87 


404 


44 


244 


96 


44 


37 


548 


1,616 


36 


50 


50 





23 


137 


485 


57 


166 


228 


82 


50 


650 


1.898 


43 


44 


36 


24 


19 


65 


332 


67 


1,201 


665 


358 


299 


2,224 


7,538 


49 


36 


39 





15 


142 


427 


40 


1,693 


587 


621 


643 


2.933 


10.370 


67 











6 





36 


87 


84 


58 


59 


6 


142 


684 


38 


631 


364 


278 


161 


2,026 


5.423 


41 


1,416 


863 


553 


262 


2,470 


9.105 


44 


59 


7 








7 


168 


18 


537 


291 


220 


88 


1.080 


3.316 


43 


56 


26 


24 


12 


51 


312 


54 


44 


46 


25 


44 


389 


868 


53 


1,346 


743 


397 


243 


2.737 


9.119 


38 


204 


153 


49 


46 


148 


989 


48 


453 


237 


94 


88 


898 


2,904 


47 


1,292 


816 


562 


332 


2.994 


9.235 


52 


31 


13 


7 


7 


63 


193 


33 


61 


46 


30 


18 


317 


695 


39 



9.985 



5.554 



3.522 



2.488 



20.883 68.347 



48 



25 



Table E-20.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by years of age 



Equipment operated grouping 2 



15-20 



21-23 



24-26 



27-29 



30-34 



35-39 



40-49 



50 + 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Mean, 
V 



Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 37 81 207 187 

Belt 13 7 12 64 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment .... 7 31 57 99 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 23 13 30 43 

Drill (surface) 34 104 143 185 

Explosives 12 13 24 24 

Front-end loader-forklift 186 286 488 690 

Grader-scraper 40 32 40 66 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) . . 80 305 483 971 

Hoist-elevator 6 14 

Many equipment 13 26 59 57 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 210 485 725 711 

Plant equipment 125 451 764 931 

Pump 13 13 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 26 156 249 254 

Shuttle car-locomotive 7 13 13 

Stone cutting-finishing machine 32 72 63 90 

Truck (haulage) 230 780 955 822 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 63 68 42 

Welding machine-lathe 54 53 229 259 

None 73 202 286 369 

Not elsewhere classified 13 13 35 18 

Unspecified 12 22 57 80 

Total 1,220 3,214 4,992 6,005 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



253 


191 


468 


759 


43 


2,228 


42 


33 


65 


94 


117 





404 


41 


287 


215 


445 


461 


15 


1,616 


42 


172 


57 


80 


67 





485 


36 


268 


175 


394 


500 


95 


1,898 


40 


76 


22 


67 


68 


26 


332 


39 


1,218 


1,045 


1,515 


1,806 


303 


7,538 


40 


40 


45 


79 


87 





427 


37 


1,637 


1,804 


2,625 


2,268 


196 


10,370 


40 








8 


8 





36 


38 


105 


91 


136 


122 


74 


684 


39 


912 


644 


858 


718 


159 


5,423 


35 


1,378 


1,311 


1,865 


2,083 


198 


9,105 


39 


35 


36 


37 


34 





168 


39 


421 


555 


804 


790 


60 


3,316 


40 


51 


50 


93 


86 





312 


42 


114 


93 


212 


192 





868 


39 


1,427 


1,048 


1,675 


1,881 


302 


9,119 


38 


105 


112 


284 


289 


27 


989 


43 


301 


493 


754 


694 


66 


2,904 


41 


1,011 


1,320 


2,573 


3,237 


165 


9,235 


44 


12 


5 


64 


19 


13 


193 


35 


132 


80 


122 


179 


11 


695 


39 



9,988 



9,458 



15,250 16,466 



1,754 



68,347 



40 



Table E-21.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by sex 

_ . . „ Male 

Equipment operated grouping 2 — 

H K H a k a Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 2,216 3 

Belt 388 1 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment ... . 1,616 2 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 470 1 

Drill (surface) .'. 1 ,834 3 

Explosives 332 1 

Front-end loader-forklift 7,429 1 1 

Grader-scraper 427 1 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) . . 10,281 16 

Hoist-elevator 36 

Many equipment 684 1 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 5,172 8 

Plant equipment 8,935 13 

Pump 168 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 2,771 4 

Shuttle car-locomotive 304 

Stone cutting-finishing machine 862 1 

Truck (haulage) 8,892 13 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 981 1 

Welding machine-lathe 2,875 4 

None 8,834 13 

Not elsewhere classified 173 

Unspecified 644 1 

Total 66,326 100 1,490 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Female 




Unspecified 


Total 




Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


6 





6 


1 


2,228 


3 


17 


1 








404 


1 














1,616 


2 


8 


1 


7 


1 


485 


1 








63 


12 


1,898 


3 














332 





38 


3 


72 


13 


7,538 


11 














427 


1 


38 


3 


50 


9 


10,370 


15 














36 

















684 


1 


173 


12 


77 


15 


5,423 


8 


81 


5 


89 


17 


9,105 


13 














168 





544 


37 








3,316 


5 


8 


1 








312 





6 











868 


1 


110 


7 


116 


22 


9,119 


13 


8 


1 








989 


1 


23 


2 


7 


1 


2,904 


4 


369 


25 


32 


6 


9,235 


14 


20 


1 








193 





39 


3 


12 


2 


695 


1 



100 



531 



100 



68,347 



100 



26 



Table E-22.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by race 



White Black 

Equipment operated grouping* Wprkers ^ Workers ^ 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 1,861 3 180 4 

Belt 357 1 18 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment ... . 1,323 2 151 3 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 416 1 44 1 

Drill (surface) 1,514 3 214 4 

Explosives 300 1 6 

Front-end loader-forklift 6,180 11 565 11 

Grader-scraper 342 1 12 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) . . 8,679 15 590 12 

Hoist-elevator 36 

Many equipment 572 1 13 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 3,558 6 900 18 

Plant equipment 7,319 13 812 16 

Pump 156 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 2,958 5 90 2 

Shuttle car-locomotive 183 52 1 

Stone cutting-finishing machine 686 1 146 3 

Truck (haulage) 7,497 13 602 12 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 777 1 68 1 

Welding machine-lathe 2,483 4 100 2 

None 8,354 15 390 8 

Not elsewhere classified 162 13 

Unspecified 458 1 155 3 

Total 56,171 100 5,119 100 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Hispanic 




Other 




Unspecified 
Workers pet 


Total 




Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


138 


3 


29 


3 


20 


3 


2,228 


3 


30 


1 














404 


1 


82 


2 


59 


5 








1,616 


2 


13 











13 


2 


485 


1 


85 


2 


40 


4 


45 


7 


1,898 


3 


26 

















332 





633 


12 


95 


9 


66 


11 


7,538 


11 


73 


1 














427 


1 


839 


16 


191 


17 


71 


12 


10,370 


15 




















36 





59 


1 


40 


4 








684 


1 


794 


15 


98 


9 


73 


12 


5,423 


8 


702 


13 


165 


15 


108 


18 


9,105 


13 


12 

















168 





225 


4 


31 


3 


11 


2 


3,316 


5 


65 


1 


13 


1 








312 





18 





6 


1 


12 


2 


868 


1 


758 


14 


133 


12 


128 


21 


9,119 


13 


138 


3 


7 


1 








989 


1 


232 


4 


90 


8 








2,904 


4 


355 


7 


87 


8 


50 


8 


9,235 


14 


12 





7 


1 








193 





64 


1 


12 


1 


7 


1 


695 


1 



5,353 



100 



1,101 



100 



603 



100 



68,347 



100 



Table E-23.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by education 

Some Some high High school Vocational Some College i in<snprifipri Total 

Equipment operated elementary school diploma diploma college degree uMapeuneu 

grouping 2 — — - — - — 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 314 14 681 31 921 41 92 4 86 4 15 1 120 5 2,228 3 

Belt 19 5 115 28 198 49 25 6 34 9 13 3 404 1 

Dozer-heavy and mobile 

equipment 203 13 406 25 767 47 72 4 48 3 120 7 1,616 2 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter .. . 43 9 161 33 222 46 38 8 15 3 7 1 485 1 

Drill (surface) 233 12 518 27 713 38 138 7 97 5 3 196 10 1,898 3 

Explosives 50 15 68 20 147 44 25 8 42 13 332 

Front-end loader-forklift 790 10 1,639 22 3,776 50 324 4 358 5 69 1 583 8 7,538 11 

Grader-scraper 44 10 94 22 175 41 14 3 15 3 86 20 427 1 

Handtools (powered and 

nonpowered) 738 7 1,620 16 4,661 45 1,438 14 833 8 174 2 905 9 10,370 15 

Hoist-elevator 8 23 12 32 8 23 8 23 36 

Many equipment 28 4 120" 18 269 39 31 4 63 9 30 4 144 21 684 1 

Miscellaneous utility equipment . 805 15 893 16 2,653 49 265 5 297 5 90 2 419 8 5,423 8 

Plant equipment 892 10 2,020 22 4,347 48 394 4 636 7 146 2 670 7 9.105 13 

Pump 19 11 58 35 51 31 7 4 27 16 7 4 168 

Scale-lab equipment-controls .. . 99 3 291 9 1,591 48 204 6 573 17 333 10 225 7 3.316 5 

Shuttle car-locomotive 21 7 70 22 187 60 7 2 7 2 22 7 312 

Stone cutting-finishing machine . 120 14 288 33 393 45 6 1 25 3 6 1 30 3 868 1 

Truck (haulage) 979 11 2,330 26 4,353 48 349 4 239 3 53 1 816 9 9.119 13 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 106 11 157 16 508 51 28 3 75 8 78 8 38 4 989 1 

Welding machine-lathe 260 9 455 16 1,182 41 473 16 243 8 22 1 270 9 2,904 4 

None 533 6 928 10 3,785 41 523 6 1,338 14 1,490 16 639 7 9.235 14 

Not elsewhere classified 6 3 47 24 77 40 26 14 37 19 193 

Unspecified 48 7 102 15 385 55 33 5 31 5 28 4 69 10 695 1 

Total 6,349 9 13,068 19 31,371 46 4,520 7 5.120 7 2.549 4 5.370 8 68.347 100 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-24.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: job, company, and mining experience, by work location 



27 



Underground mine Surface at Surface mine 

Experience, yr underground mine 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

At present job: 

0< to <1 223 20 67 10 7,167 20 

1< to «2 201 18 133 20 4,296 12 

2<to«3 128 12 58 9 3,107 9 

3<to<5 135 12 98 15 3,990 11 

5<tO«10 175 16 122 18 7,114 20 

10<to<20 136 12 141 21 5,220 15 

20< 23 2 20 3 2,346 7 

Unspecified 73 7 20 3 2,502 7 

Total 1,094 100 658 TotT 35,742 i00~ 

Median yr. . 3 NAp 4 NAp 5 NAp 

At present company: 

0< to <1 126 12 52 8 5,393 15 

1< to <5 313 29 193 29 9,394 26 

5<to<10 294 27 215 33 6,929 19 

10<to«15 175 16 64 10 4,541 13 

15<tO<20 101 9 92 14 3,130 9 

20< to <25 55 5 28 4 1 ,548 4 

25< to <30 20 2 5 1 1 ,420 4 

30< 10 1 10 2 1,976 6 

Unspecified 1,411 4 

Total 1,094 T55 658 100 35,742 Too" 

Median yr . . 7 NAp 7 NAp 7 NAp 

Total mining: 

0<to«1 88 8 47 7 4,017 11 

1< to <5 253 23 150 23 7,154 20 

5<to<10 263 24 171 26 6,886 19 

10< to <15 205 19 53 8 4,783 13 

15<tO<20 98 9 70 11 3,488 10 

20< to <25 48 4 23 4 1 ,860 5 

25< to <30 20 2 1 ,624 5 

30< 27 2 10 2 2,151 6 

Unspecified 93 9 134 20 3,778 11 

Total 1,094 100 658 100 35,742 10Cf 

Median yr. . 8 NAp 7 NAp 9 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Plant or mill 



Office 



Total 



Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


5,195 


18 


1,201 


16 


13,852 


19 


3,514 


12 


769 


11 


8,913 


12 


2,649 


9 


682 


9 


6,624 


9 


3,879 


14 


803 


11 


8,904 


12 


6,351 


22 


1,590 


22 


15,351 


21 


3,792 


13 


1,231 


17 


10,521 


14 


1,258 


4 


608 


8 


4,255 


6 


1,909 


7 


431 


6 


4,936 


7 



28,546 
5 



100 
NAp 



7,316 
5 



100 
NAp 



28,546 
9 



100 
NAp 



7,316 
8 



100 
NAp 



73,357 

5 



73,357 



100 
NAp 



2,858 


10 


917 


13 


9,346 


13 


5,954 


21 


1,932 


26 


17,785 


24 


6,413 


22 


1,602 


22 


15,454 


21 


4,194 


15 


1,018 


14 


9,992 


14 


3,124 


11 


544 


7 


6,992 


10 


1,817 


6 


389 


5 


3,837 


5 


1,335 


5 


311 


4 


3,091 


4 


1,951 


7 


415 


6 


4,362 


6 


899 


3 


189 


3 


2,499 


3 



100 
NAp 



2,175 


8 


676 


9 


7,003 


10 


4,215 


15 


1,535 


21 


13,307 


18 


6,218 


22 


1,496 


20 


15,035 


20 


4,171 


15 


995 


14 


10,207 


14 


3,134 


11 


553 


8 


7,342 


10 


1,902 


7 


413 


6 


4,247 


6 


1,301 


5 


306 


4 


3,250 


4 


1,890 


7 


477 


7 


4,555 


6 


3,539 


12 


866 


12 


8,409 


11 


28,546 


100 


7,316 


100 


73,357 


100 


10 


NAp 


9 


NAp 


9 


NAp 



Table E-25.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: training received, by work location 

Job training for Underground mine undlrground^ine Surface mine Plant or mill Office 

yr ' Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

2,528 7 2,354 8 1,075 15 

1-8 95 9 63 10 3,011 8 2,533 9 550 8 

9-15 7 1 1,321 4 1,814 6 235 3 

16 454 41 181 27 6,534 18 4,253 15 518 7 

17-40 223 20 143 22 4,904 14 4,405 15 805 11 

41-80 77 7 68 10 3,143 9 2,128 7 471 6 

81-160 17 2 15 2 1,777 5 1,617 6 321 4 

161+ 55 5 40 6 1,068 3 1,292 5 210 3 

Unspecified 175 16 141 21 11,457 32 8,150 29 3,131 43 

Total 1,094 100 658 100 35,742 100 28,546 100 7,316 100 

Mean training . . h . . 55 NAp 47 NAp 44 NAp 55 NAp 47 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Total 



Workers pet 



5,957 

6,252 

3,376 

11,939 

10,480 

5,887 

3,746 

2,665 

23,055 



8 

9 

5 

16 

14 

8 

5 

4 

31 



73,357 100 
49 NAp 



MH 



28 






Table E-26.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: age distribution, by work location 

Underground mine ^ Sur * ace ^ a *- Surface mine Plant or mill Office 

Age yr underground mine 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

15-20 28 3 7 1 739 2 411 1 81 1 

21-23 40 4 7 1 2,022 6 999 4 321 4 

24-26 45 4 62 9 2,897 8 1,816 6 435 6 

27-29 130 12 53 8 3,080 9 2,564 9 603 8 

30-34 266 24 94 14 4,857 14 4,477 16 1,003 14 

35-39 181 17 90 14 4,568 13 4,335 15 1,003 14 

40-49 191 17 210 32 7,570 21 6,803 24 1,687 23 

50+ 213 19 136 21 8,748 24 6,693 23 2,022 28 

Unspecified 1,261 4 449 2 160 2 

Total 1,094 TOO 658 100 35,742 T6~0 28,546 100 7,316 10CT 

Mean age yr. . 38 NAp 40 NAp 40 NAp 40 NAp 41 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Total 



Workers pet 



1,267 

3,389 

5,255 

6,430 

10,697 

10,177 

16,461 

17,812 

1,869 



2 

5 

7 

9 

15 

14 

22 

24 

3 



73,357 100 
40 NAp 



Table E-27.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: sex, race, and education, by work location 



Underground mine 

Workers pet 

Sex: 

Male 1 ,073 98 

Female 8 1 

Unspecified 13 1 

Total 1,094 Too" 

White 1 ,058 97 

Black 10 1 

Hispanic 7 1 

Other 

Unspecified 20 2 

Total 1,094 100 

Education level: 

Some elementary .... 150 14 

Some high school .... 283 26 

High school diploma. . 471 43 

Vocational diploma ... 103 9 

Some college 55 5 

College degree 20 2 

Unspecified 13 1 

Total 1,094 100 



Surface at 
underground mine 



Workers 



pet 



Surface mine 



Workers pet 



Plant or mill 



Workers pet 



Office 



Workers pet 



Total 



Workers pet 



630 

23 

5 



658 



645 
8 


5 



658 



52 

108 

369 

83 

32 

10 

5 



658 



96 

4 

1 



34,986 98 
384 1 

372 1 



27,969 
437 
140 



98 
2 




3,992 55 

3,289 45 

35 



100 



35,742 100 



28.546 100 



7,316 



100 



98 
1 



1 



28,993 

2,563 

3,094 

691 

402 



81 
7 
9 
2 
1 



23.297 
2,518 

2,157 
404 
170 



82 
9 
8 

1 
1 



6.855 

108 

202 

88 

63 



94 
1 
3 
1 
1 



100 



35,742 100 



28,546 100 



7,316 



100 



16 

56 

13 

5 

2 

1 



3,964 
7,711 
15.948 
2,093 
1,926 
826 
3,274 



11 
22 
45 
6 
5 
2 
9 



2.129 
4,761 
13,493 
2,170 
2,769 
1.274 
1,951 



7 
17 
47 

8 
10 

4 

7 



68 

314 

2.989 

396 

1.700 

1,505 

344 



1 

4 
41 

5 
23 
21 

5 



100 



35,742 100 



28.546 100 



7,316 



100 



68,649 

4,142 

565 



60,848 

5,207 

5,460 

1.183 

659 



6,362 
13,177 
33.269 
4,845 
6,481 
3,635 
5,587 



94 
6 

1 



73.357 100 



83 

7 
7 
2 
1 



73,357 100 



9 

18 
45 
7 
9 
5 
8 



73.357 100 



NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



29 



Table E-28.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, 

Experience at .,_ 8 915 16 17 . 40 41 . 80 
present job, yr 

0< to «1: 

Workers 635 1 ,595 596 998 2,661 1 ,364 

pet 5 12 5 8 20 10 

1< to «2: 

Workers 373 646 333 1 ,474 1 ,243 884 

pet 4 8 4 18 15 11 

2< to <3: 

Workers 531 495 255 1,165 774 467 

pet 9 8 4 19 13 8 

3< to <5: 

Workers 808 565 456 1 ,633 1 ,061 699 

pet 10 7 5 19 13 8 

5< to <10: 

Workers 1,288 1,318 790 2,997 2,019 1,054 

pet 9 9 6 21 14 7 

10< to <20: 

Workers 1,054 809 563 2,102 1,276 773 

pet 11 8 6 22 13 8 

20<: 

Workers 363 303 136 999 487 248 

pet 10 8 4 26 13 7 

Unspecified: 

Workers 123 148 101 265 464 65 

pet 3 3 2 6 10 1 

Total: 

Workers 5,175 5,879 3,230 11,632 9,985 5,554 

pet 8 9 5 V7 ^5 8 

NAp Not applicable. 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



by hours of training received in last 2 years 



81-160 



161 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Mean, 
h 



808 
6 


704 
5 


3,705 
28 


13,067 
100 


62 
NAp 


598 

7 


442 
5 


2,372 
28 


8,365 
100 


60 

NAp 


395 
6 


312 
5 


1,791 
29 


6,185 
100 


64 
NAp 


399 
5 


282 
3 


2,489 
30 


8,392 
100 


44 
NAp 


676 
5 


233 
2 


3,837 
27 


14,212 
100 


34 
NAp 


487 
5 


222 
2 


2,415 
25 


9,702 
100 


36 

NAp 


102 
3 


121 
3 


1,054 
28 


3,814 
100 


37 
NAp 


56 

1 


170 

4 


3,219 
70 


4,611 
100 


62 
NAp 


3,522 
5 


2,488 
4 


20,883 

31 


68,347 
100 


48 
NAp 



Table E-29.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by years of age 

Experience at 15 . 20 21 _ 23 24 . 26 27 . 2g 30 . 34 35 _ 39 40 _ 49 50+ Un ,?f"f CI " 

present job, yr fied 

0< to <1: 

Workers 826 1,539 1,788 1,615 2,299 1,571 1,980 1,088 431 

pet 6 12 14 12 17 12 15 8 3 

1< to <2: 

Workers 211 679 920 988 1,348 1,282 1,515 1,226 195 

pet 3 8 11 12 16 15 18 15 2 

2< to <3: 

Workers 91 376 620 753 1 ,070 995 1 ,327 875 79 

pet 1 6 10 12 17 16 21 14 1 

3< to <5: 

Workers 30 294 757 853 1,400 1,352 1,833 1,692 181 

pet 4 9 10 17 16 22 20 2 

5< to <10: 

Workers 93 637 1,303 2,495 2,313 3,780 3,369 222 

pet 1 4 9 18 16 27 24 2 

10< to <20: 

Workers 78 797 1,349 3,140 4,065 274 

pet 1 8 14 32 42 3 

20<: 

Workers 19 720 3,015 61 

pet 19 79 2 

Unspecified: 

Workers 62 232 270 414 650 578 957 1,138 311 

pet 1 5 6 9 14 13 21 25 7 

Total: 

Workers 1,220 3,214 4,992 6,005 9,988 9,458 15,250 16,466 1,754 

pet 2 5 7 J) 15 14 22 24 3 

NAp Not applicable. 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Total 



Mean, 

y 



13,067 
100 


33 

NAp 


8,365 
100 


36 

NAp 


6,185 
100 


37 
NAp 


8,392 
100 


39 
NAp 


14,212 
100 


41 
NAp 


9,702 
100 


48 
NAp 


3,814 
100 


55 
NAp 


4,611 
100 


40 
NAp 


68,347 
100 


40 
NAp 



30 



Table E-30.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 

_ Male Female 

Experience at present job, yr — — ■ — 

Workers pet Workers pet 

0< to <1 12,587 19 345 23 

1< to «2 8,113 12 196 13 

2< to <3 5,940 9 175 12 

3< to <5 8,178 12 188 13 

5<to«10 13,767 21 392 26 

10<to«20 9,496 14 110 7 

20< 3,763 6 26 2 

Unspecified 4,482 7 59 4 

Total 66,326 100 1,490 100 

Median yr. . 5 NAp 4 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



experience at job, by sex 



Un 


specified 


Total 




Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


134 


25 


13,067 


19 


56 


11 


8,365 


12 


70 


13 


6,185 


9 


25 


5 


8,392 


12 


53 


10 


14,212 


21 


96 


18 


9,702 


14 


26 


5 


3,814 


6 


70 


13 


4,611 


7 


531 


100 


68,347 


100 


3 


NAp 


5 


NAp 



Table E-31.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by race 



White Black Hispanic 

Experience at present job, yr Workers pc) Worker£ pc) Workers 

0<to«1 10,567 19 1,089 21 1,072 

1< to <2 6,788 12 572 11 743 

2< to <3 5,1 14 9 337 7 530 

3<to<5 6,968 12 634 12 665 

5< to *S10 11,645 21 972 19 1,284 

10<to«20 8,027 14 747 15 641 

20< 3,370 6 228 4 144 

Unspecified 3,692 7 539 11 273 

Total 56,171 10C) 5,119 100 5,353 

Median yr.. 5 NAp 4 NAp 4 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Other 



Unspecified 



Total 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



20 
14 
10 
12 
24 
12 
3 
5 



190 

168 

153 

92 

234 

159 

40 

66 



17 

15 

14 

8 

21 

14 

4 

6 



148 
93 
52 
32 
77 

128 
32 
41 



25 

15 

9 

5 

13 

21 

5 

7 



100 
NAp 



1,101 
4 



100 
NAp 



603 
3 



100 
NAp 



13,067 
8.365 
6,185 
8.392 

14,212 
9,702 
3,814 
4,611 



68,347 
5 



19 

12 

9 

12 

21 

14 

6 

7 



100 
NAp 



Table E-32. — Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by education 

Some Some high High school Vocational Some College Unsoecified 

Experience at elementary school diploma diploma college degree 

present job, yr — 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

0< to <1 689 11 2,534 19 6,434 21 1,043 23 1,204 24 483 19 680 13 

1< to <2 573 9 1,333 10 4,190 13 578 13 621 12 420 16 649 12 

2< to <3 447 7 1,162 9 2,971 9 465 10 528 10 286 11 327 6 

3< to «5 684 11 1,506 12 3,958 13 738 16 756 15 322 13 426 8 

5< to <10 1,506 24 2,659 20 6,916 22 967 21 1,048 20 524 21 592 11 

10<to«20 1,298 20 2,262 17 4,144 13 479 11 641 13 318 12 561 10 

20< 627 10 1,009 8 1,504 5 138 3 197 4 137 5 201 4 

Unspecified 526 8 603 5 1,254 4 112 2 125 2 58 2 1.933 36 

Total 6,349 100 13,068 100 31,371 100 4,520 100 5.120 10C) 2.549 100 5,370 T00~ 

Median, yr.. 7 NAp 5 NAp 4 NAp 4 NAp 4 NAp 4 NAp 4 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Total 



Workers pet 



13.067 
8.365 
6.185 
8.392 

14.212 
9.702 
3.814 
4,611 



19 

12 

9 

12 

21 

14 

6 

7 



68.347 100 
5 NAp 



31 



Table E-33.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, 

Experience at ,.3 9 . 15 16 17 . 40 41 . 80 
present company, yr 

0< to <1: 

Workers 485 1,223 414 328 1,716 800 

pet 6 14 5 4 20 9 

1< to <5: 

Workers 1,211 1,022 608 2,241 2,307 1,619 

pet 7 6 4 14 14 10 

5< to <10: 

Workers 1,162 1,215 716 3,179 2,009 1,186 

pet 8 9 5 22 14 8 

10< to <15: 

Workers 746 930 433 2,100 1,118 810 

pet 8 10 5 23 12 9 

15< to <20: 

Workers 588 642 414 1,364 1,185 491 

pet 9 10 6 20 18 7 

20< to «25: 

Workers 243 296 226 754 607 263 

pet 7 8 6 21 17 7 

25< to <30: 

Workers 249 184 206 719 306 174 

pet 9 6 7 25 11 6 

30<: 

Workers 425 353 157 848 476 198 

pet 10 9 4 21 12 5 

Unspecified: 

Workers 67 13 56 100 260 13 

pet 3 1 2 4 11 1 

Total: 

Workers 5,175 5,879 3,230 11,632 9,985 5,554 

pet 8 S3 5 17 15 8 

NAp Not applicable. 

Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



by hours of training received in last 2 years 



81-160 



161 + 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Mean, 
h 



389 

4 


344 
4 


3,042 
35 


8,741 
100 


51 
NAp 


876 
5 


906 
5 


5,709 
35 


16,500 
100 


71 
NAp 


806 
6 


306 
2 


3,703 
26 


14,282 
100 


38 

NAp 


704 
8 


279 

3 


2,146 
23 


9,269 
100 


42 
NAp 


392 
6 


152 
2 


1,443 
22 


6,670 
100 


35 
NAp 


99 
3 


106 
3 


958 
27 


3,550 
100 


34 
NAp 


106 

4 


109 
4 


815 
28 


2,867 
100 


39 
NAp 


144 
3 


118 
3 


1,407 
34 


4,126 
100 


35 
NAp 


5 



169 

7 


1,659 
71 


2,343 
100 


131 
NAp 


3,522 
5 


2,488 
4 


20,883 
31 


68,347 
100 


48 
NAp 



Table E-34.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 

Experience at 15 . 20 21 . 23 24 . 26 27 . 29 30 . 34 
present company, yr 

0< to <1: 

Workers 805 1,442 1,368 1,046 1,315 

pet 9 16 16 12 15 

1< to<5: 

Workers 400 1,592 2,401 2,208 2,523 

pet 2 10 15 13 15 

5< to <10: 

Workers 112 1,098 2,341 3,383 

pet 1 8 16 24 

10< to <15: 

Workers 234 2,366 

pet 3 26 

15< to <20: 

Workers 125 

pet 2 

20< to <25: 

Workers 

pet 

25< to <30: 

Workers 

pet 

30<: 

Workers 

pet 

Unspecified: 

Workers 15 68 125 177 277 

pet 1 3 5 8 12 

Total: " 

Workers 1,220 3,214 4,992 6,005 9,988 

pet 2 5 7 9 15 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



experience at company, by years of age 



35-39 



40-49 



50 + 



Unspeci- 
fied 



Total 



Mean, 

yr 



886 
10 


946 

11 


545 
6 


388 
4 


8,741 
100 


31 
NAp 


2,015 
12 


2,877 
17 


1,988 
12 


496 
3 


16,500 
100 


35 
NAp 


2,528 
18 


2,683 
19 


1,945 
14 


193 
1 


14,282 
100 


37 
NAp 


2,344 
25 


2,482 
27 


1,723 
19 


119 
1 


9,269 
100 


41 
NAp 


1,412 

21 


3,026 
45 


2,063 
31 


43 
1 


6,670 
100 


46 
NAp 


83 
2 


1,912 
54 


1,522 
43 


34 
1 


3,550 
100 


50 
NAp 






681 
24 


2,175 
76 


12 



2,867 
100 


54 
NAp 






131 
3 


3,957 
96 


37 

1 


4,126 
100 


57 
NAp 


190 
8 


512 
22 


546 
23 


434 
19 


2,343 
100 


41 
NAp 


9,458 
14 


15,250 
22 


16,466 
24 


1,754 
3 


68,347 
100 


40 

NAp 



32 



Table E-35.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by sex 



Experience at Male Female 

present company, yr Workers pet Workers 

0< to <1 8,412 13 225 

1< to <5 15,916 24 451 

5< to <10 13,623 21 588 

10< to <15 9,039 14 150 

15< to <20 6,574 10 36 

20< to <25 3,500 5 13 

25< to <30 2,848 4 6 

30< 4,126 6 

Unspecified 2,288 3 22 

Total 66,326 100 1,490 

Median yr. . 8 NAp 6 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown.. 



Unspecified 



Total 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



15 

30 

39 

10 

2 

1 





1 



104 
133 
71 
79 
60 
37 
13 

34 



20 
25 
13 
15 

11 
7 
2 

6 



100 
NAp 



531 
6 



100 
NAp 



8,741 
16,500 
14,282 
9,269 
6,670 
3,550 
2,867 
4,126 
2,343 



68,347 
8 



13 

24 

21 

14 

10 

5 

4 

6 

3 



100 
NAp 



Table E-36.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by race 



Experience at White Black Hispanic 

present company, yr Workers ~pc7 "WoFkers pet Workers 

0<to<1 6,929 12 751 15 807 

1< to <5 13,726 24 951 19 1,449 

5< to <10 11,518 21 1,154 23 1,307 

10<to«15 7,547 13 792 15 578 

15<to«20 5,679 10 479 9 338 

20to<25 3,140 6 236 5 111 

25 to < 30 2,424 4 226 4 157 

30 3,512 6 268 5 289 

Unspecified 1,695 3 263 5 316 

Total 56,171 100 5,119 100 5,353 

Median yr. . 8 NAp 9 NAp 6 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Other 



Unspecified 



Total 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



Workers 



pet 



15 

27 

24 

11 

6 

2 

3 

5 

6 



149 

225 

212 

238 

101 

30 

48 

43 

55 



14 

20 

19 

22 

9 

3 

4 

4 

5 



106 
149 
90 
115 
73 
33 
12 
13 
13 



18 

25 

15 

19 

12 

5 

2 

2 

2 



100 
NAp 



1,101 
9 



100 
NAp 



603 

7 



100 
NAp 



8,741 
16.500 
14.282 
9.269 
6.670 
3,550 
2.867 
4,126 
2,343 



68.347 
8 



13 

24 

21 

14 

10 

5 

4 

6 

3 



100 
NAp 



Table E-37.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by education 



Experience at Some Some high High school Vocational 

present company, elementary scho01 di P loma di P loma 

y Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

0< to <1 587 9 1,869 14 4,002 13 665 15 

1< to <5 1,304 21 2,983 23 7,767 25 1,304 29 

5< to <10 1,102 17 2,530 19 6,726 21 1,101 24 

10< to <15 839 13 1,434 11 4,642 15 604 13 

15< to <20 815 13 1,516 12 3,028 10 383 8 

20< to «S25 393 6 730 6 1.715 5 209 5 

25< to <30 436 7 766 6 1 ,201 4 88 2 

30< 778 12 863 7 1 .587 5 97 2 

Unspecified 95 2 377 3 703 2 70 2 

Total 6,349 100 13,068 100 31,371 100 4,520 100~ 

Median. . .yr. . 11 NAp 8 NAp 8 NAp 7 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Some 
college 



College 
degree 



Unspecified 



Total 



Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 



690 
1.214 
1.262 
856 
389 
210 
162 
166 
171 



13 

24 

25 

17 

8 

4 

3 

3 

3 



297 

642 

682 

404 

200 

89 

52 

105 

77 



12 

25 

27 

16 

8 

3 

2 

4 

3 



630 
1.286 
879 
491 
338 
205 
162 
530 
849 



12 

24 

16 

9 

6 

4 

3 

10 

16 



8,741 
16.500 
14.282 
9.269 
6.670 
3.550 
2.867 
4,126 
2.343 



5.120 



100 
NAp 



2.549 

7 



100 
NAp 



5.370 

7 



100 

NAp 



68.347 
8 



13 

24 

21 

14 

10 

5 

4 

6 

3 



100 
NAp 



33 



Table E-38.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age, by education 

Some Some high High school Vocational Some College 

elementary school diploma diploma college degree 

Age, yr — 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

15-20 13 1 254 21 679 56 88 7 86 7 

21-23 96 3 604 19 1,671 52 244 8 225 7 44 1 

24-26 182 4 886 18 2,755 55 419 8 328 7 97 2 

27-29 217 4 905 15 3,164 53 638 11 447 7 199 3 

30-34 439 4 1,407 14 5,363 54 733 7 946 9 476 5 

35-39 504 5 1,569 17 4,370 46 744 8 1,106 12 591 6 

40-49 1,596 10 3,267 21 6,833 45 893 6 1,212 8 626 4 

50+ 3,240 20 3,924 24 6,059 37 621 4 716 4 450 3 

Unspecified 63 4 251 14 477 27 141 8 53 3 66 4 

Total 6,349 9 13,068 19 31,371 46 4,520 7 5,120 7 2,549 4 

Mean age. . yr. . 48 NAp 42 NAp 38 NAp 37 NAp 38 NAp 40 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Unspecified 


Tota 




Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


100 


8 


1,220 


100 


329 


10 


3,214 


100 


325 


7 


4,992 


100 


435 


7 


6,005 


100 


625 


6 


9,988 


100 


574 


6 


9,458 


100 


822 


5 


15,250 


100 


1,457 


9 


16,466 


100 


703 


40 


1,754 


100 



5,370 



8 68,347 100 



NAp 



40 NAp 




Table E-39.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age, race, and education, by sex 

Male Female Unspecified 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers 

Age, yr: 

15-20 1,186 2 28 2 6 1 1,220 

21-23 3,084 5 66 4 64 12 3,214 

24-26 4,853 7 101 7 37 7 4,992 

27-29 5,724 9 223 15 57 11 6,005 

30-34 9,667 15 268 18 54 10 9,988 

35-39 9,118 14 285 19 55 10 9,458 

40-49 14,845 22 325 22 80 15 15,250 

50+ 16,216 24 168 11 82 16 16,466 

Unspecified 1,633 2 26 2 95 18 1,754 

Total 66,326 100 1,490 100 531 100 68,347 

Mean age yr. . 40 NAp 36 NAp 36 NAp 40 

Race: 

White 54,694 82 1,316 88 160 30 56,171 

Black 4,981 8 118 8 20 4 5,119 

Hispanic 5,297 8 43 3 13 2 5,353 

Other 1,058 2 13 1 30 6 1,101 

Unspecified 295 308 58 603 

Total 66,326 100 1,490 100 531 10(5 68,347 

Education level: 

Some elementary 6,324 10 19 1 7 1 6,349 

Some high school 12,840 19 134 9 94 18 13,068 

High school diploma . . 30,327 46 876 59 168 32 31,371 

Vocational diploma ... 4,333 7 86 6 101 19 4,520 

Some college 4,894 7 203 14 23 4 5,120 

College degree 2,440 4 108 7 2,549 

Unspecified 5,169 8 64 4 138 26 5,370 

Total 66,326 100 1,490 100 531 100 68,347 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



2 

5 

7 

9 

15 

14 

22 

24 

3 



100 
NAp 



82 
7 
8 
2 
1 



100 



9 
19 
46 

7 
7 
4 
8 



100 



34 



Table E-40. — Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age and education, by race 

White Black Hispanic Other Unspecified 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Age, yr: 

15-20 1,049 2 61 1 91 2 7 1 

21-23 2,679 5 194 4 264 5 38 3 

24-26 3,999 7 268 5 549 10 114 10 

27-29 4,932 9 417 8 439 8 138 13 

30-34 8,283 15 702 14 750 14 167 15 

35-39 7,810 14 692 14 747 14 118 11 

40-49 12,402 22 1,482 29 1,050 20 247 22 

50+ 13,826 25 1,259 25 1,059 20 218 20 

Unspecified 1,192 2 44 1 404 8 56 5 

Total 56,171 100 5,119 100 5,353 100 1,101 100 603 

Mean age yr. . 40 NAp 41 NAp 39 NAp 39 NAp 37 

Education level: 

Some elementary 4,306 8 782 15 1,218 23 31 3 13 

Some high school 9,943 18 1,487 29 1,294 24 235 21 109 

High school diploma . . 27,144 48 1,906 37 1,628 30 451 41 242 

Vocational diploma . 3,910 7 145 3 214 4 162 15 89 

Some college 4,513 8 226 4 249 5 117 11 15 

College degree 2,343 4 95 2 54 1 33 3 24 

Unspecified 4,012 7 479 9 696 13 73 7 110 

Total 56,171 100 5,119 100 5,353 100 1,101 100 603 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Total 



Workers 


pet 


Workers 


pet 


13 


2 


1,220 


2 


39 


6 


3,214 


5 


63 


10 


4,992 


7 


79 


13 


6.005 


9 


86 


14 


9,988 


15 


91 


15 


9,458 


14 


69 


11 


15,250 


22 


105 


17 


16,466 


24 


59 


10 


1.754 


3 



100 
NAp 



100 



68.347 
40 



68,347 



100 
NAp 



2 


6.349 


9 


18 


13,068 


19 


40 


31.371 


46 


15 


4.520 


7 


3 


5.120 


7 


4 


2.549 


4 


18 


5,370 


8 



100 



Table E-41.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 

number of workers and coefficient of variation, by 

employment size class 

Employment size class 1 Workers CV, pet 

1-19 18,511 4~4 

20-49 17,215 7.8 

50-99 10,145 6.0 

100-249 23,219 3.4 

250-499 3,726 .8 

500+ 540 5.4 

All groupings 73,357 1.1 

'MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the 
primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published 
injury statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-42.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 
number of workers and coefficient of variation, by job title 

Job title grouping 1 Workers CV, pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator ... . 2.118 7.4 

Beltman-belt repairman 319 11.0 

Blaster 336 11.7 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 171 37.3 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 1 ,775 7.2 

Driller-rock bolter 2.058 2.8 

Electrician-lampman 1 .433 4.3 

Front-end loader-forklift operator 6,095 4.2 

Grader-scraper operator 415 20.4 

Laborer-miner-utility man 8.771 3.9 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 4.543 3.2 

Maintenance 708 8.1 

Working 2.362 5.8 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 11 ,458 2.8 

Mine technical support 4.524 3.9 

Office worker 5.010 5.6 

Plant operator-warehouseman 11 ,377 1 .9 

Shuttle car-tram operator 213 26.5 

Stone cutter-finisher 864 21 .2 

Truck driver 8.808 3.6 

All groupings 73.357 1.1 

'As defined by MSHA: see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title 
grouping. 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



35 



Table E-43.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 

number of workers and coefficient of variation, by principal 

equipment operated 

Equipment operated grouping 2 Workers CV, pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 2,228 6.6 

Belt 404 9.8 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 1,616 9.7 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter 485 25.8 

Drill (surface) 1 ,898 4.3 

Explosives 332 1 1 .4 

Front-end loader-forklift 7,538 4.0 

Grader-scraper 427 19.8 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 10,370 3.8 

Hoist-elevator 36 62.1 

Many equipment 684 14.5 

Miscellaneous utility equipment 5,423 6.5 

Plant equipment 9,105 1.8 

Pump 168 23.9 

Scale-lab equipment-controls 3,316 4.9 

Shuttle car-locomotive 312 18.9 

Stone cutting-finishing machine 868 20.7 

Truck (haulage) 9,119 3.6 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 989 7.4 

Welding machine-lathe 2,904 5.9 

None 9,235 3.1 

Not elsewhere classified 193 33.5 

Unspecified 695 14.0 

All groupings 68,347 1 .3 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-44.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 

number of workers and coefficient of variation, 

by work location 

Work location Workers CV, pet 

Underground mine 1 ,094 1 1 .7 

Surface at underground mine 658 16.0 

Surface mine 35,742 1 .7 

Plant or mill 28,546 3.1 

Office 7,316 4.0 

All groupings 73,357 1.1 



NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-45.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 

number of workers and coefficient of variation, by 

experience at job, company, and mining 

Experience, yr Workers CV, pet 

At present job: 

0< to <1 13,067 4.7 

1< to <2 8,365 3.7 

2< to <3 6,185 4.9 

3< to <5 8,392 5.9 

5< to«10 14,212 3.8 

10< to <20 9,702 6.0 

20< 3,814 8.9 

Unspecified 4,61 1 15.2 

All groupings 68,347 1 .3 

At present company: 

0< to <1 8,741 4.1 

1< to <5 16,500 3.5 

5< to <10 14,282 2.6 

10< to <15 9,269 3.8 

15<to<20 6,670 5.4 

20< to <25 3,550 4.8 

25< to <30 2,867 9.0 

30< 4,126 9.3 

Unspecified 2,343 19.2 

All groupings 68,347 1.3 

Total mining: 

0< to <1 6,577 4.3 

1< to <5 12,337 3.2 

5< to <10 13,951 3.6 

10< to <15 9,500 3.6 

15<tO<20 6,994 3.7 

20< to <25 3,955 4.0 

25< to <30 3,037 7.5 

30< 4,269 6.6 

Unspecified 7,727 8.0 

All groupings 68,347 1 .3 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-46.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 

number of workers and coefficient of variation, 

by training received 

Job training for last 2 yr, h Workers CV, pet 

5,175 151 

1-8 5,879 12.2 

9-15 3,230 9.0 

16 11,632 6.3 

17-40 9,985 7.1 

41-80 5,554 6.5 

81-160 3,522 6.6 

161+ 2,488 14.2 

Unspecified 20,883 7.3 

All groupings 68,347 TIT 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



36 



Table E-47.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 
number of workers and coefficient of variation, by age 

Age, yr Workers CV, pet 

15-20 1,220 To 

21-23 3,214 3.1 

24-26 4,992 4.0 

27-29 6,005 4.7 

30-34 9,988 2.7 

35-39 9,458 3.6 

40-49 15,250 2.6 

50+ 16,466 4.0 

Unspecified 1 ,754 19.0 

All groupings 68,347 1 .3 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



Table E-48.— Stone mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 

number of workers and coefficient of variation, 

by sex, race, and education 

Workers CV, pet 
Sbx - 

Male 66,326 1 .4 

Female 1 ,490 6.9 

Unspecified 531 25.3 

All groupings 68,347 1 .3 

Race: 

White 56,171 1.4 

Black 5,119 14.1 

Hispanic 5,353 7.1 

Other 1,101 15.5 

Unspecified 603 31 .3 

All groupings 68,347 1 .3 

Education level: 

Some elementary 6,349 8.5 

Some high school 13,068 4.0 

High school diploma 31 ,371 4.1 

Vocational diploma 4,520 9.7 

Some college 5,120 7.7 

College degree 2,549 3.9 

Unspecified 5,370 15.1 

All groupings 68,347 1 .3 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 



37 



APPENDIX F.— MINING INDUSTRY POPULATION SURVEY LETTERS 

AND QUESTIONNAIRE 




United States Department of the Interior 



BUREAU OF MINES 

2401 E STREET, NW. 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20241 



Dear Mine Manager: 

The Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, is requesting your help 
in conducting a survey of the mining industry. The survey is designed to char- 
acterize the nation's mine-worker population "by occupation, job experience, 
training, age, and other factors. These data are necessary to accurately ana- 
lyze the nation's mine accidents. At this time, the information sought "by 
this survey cannot be obtained from any other source. 

Your firm was randomly selected to represent firms of a similar size in your 
industry. Although your response to this survey is voluntary, the validity of 
the results depends upon a very high response rate. We urge you, therefore, 
to respond as completely and accurately as possible based upon information 
from your personnel files, management records, or direct response from indi- 
vidual workers at your mine. 

Under no circumstances will the information you provide be identified by 
individual mine, company, or worker. The data will be used for statistical 
purposes only and the results of the survey when analyzed with accident statis- 
tics will be made available to the public in the form of official publications. 

Instructions for completing the survey questionnaire are on the enclosed survey 
form. Questions regarding the survey should be directed to: 



Ms. Shail Butani 

Bureau of Mines 

5629 Minnehaha Avenue South 

Minneapolis, MN 55417 

Telephone: (612) 725-4500 

Thank you for your time and effort. 



(Note: Collect calls regarding 
this survey will be accepted during 
regular business hours, 8:00 a.m. to 
4:00 p.m., Central Time.) 



Sincerely, 




Jrri, 



Director 



Enclosure 




United States Department of the Interior 



BUREAU OF MINES 

2401 E STREET, NW. 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20241 



Dear Employer: 

Recently, we wrote to you requesting your help in obtaining data for a survey 
for the raining industry. This information will he used to produce the 
characteristics of the nation's mine-worker population in order to analyze the 
nation's mine accident data more accurately. We have not yet received your 
response and have enclosed an additional survey questionnaire in case the 
original was misplaced or did not reach you. 

Because your firm was randomly selected to represent firms of a similar size 
in your industry, we are making every effort to obtain your response to ensure 
a true representation of those firms. Your response is strictly confidential 
and will be used for statistical purposes only. 

If you have any questions, please refer to the instructions on the first page 
of the questionnaire or call collect, Ms. Shail Butani at 612-725-4500. If 
you prefer, you may report your information directly by telephone. A response 
during the next 2 weeks would be great assistance to the survey. 

Thank you for your help and support in the Bureau's effort to characterize the 
mine-worker population. 

Sincerely, 



/ ' Director 



Enclosure 



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